Gardening Terms

Provided is a long list of gardening terms to enhance your knowledge of the meaning and pronunciation of the word. Google may have redirected you to this page because the original page didn’t support their mobile format requirements. We have the meaning of the word, but you have to click on it via the alpha index on top of the page.

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z



abaxial

Facing away from the axis.


AARS

An acronym representing the name All-America Rose selections, Inc., an association of commercial rose growers that tests and approves new rose varieties for commercial use.

Meaning: Named for Aaron Aaronsohn, 20th century Romanian-born agronomist and botanist who discovered wild wheat in 1906 in Rosh Pinah
Latin Pronunciation: ar-on-SOH-nee-uh

Meaning: From the South American vernacular name for this native plant
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ar-REE-muh

Meaning: Somewhat shortened
Latin Pronunciation: ab-brev-ee-AY-tew-luh


abbreviated (syn. abridged)

Shortened, as when one part is shorter than another.

Meaning: Somewhat shortened
Latin Pronunciation: ab-brev-ee-AY-tew-lum

Meaning: Shortened; abbreviated
Latin Pronunciation: ab-bree-vee-AY-tuh

Meaning: Somewhat shortened
Latin Pronunciation: ab-brev-ee-AY-tew-lus

Meaning: From Abkhasia (a region in the Caucasus); also spelled abschasica
Latin Pronunciation: ab-KAS-ee-kuh

Latin Pronunciation: ab-bree-vee-ay-tus
Meaning: ab

Meaning: Shortened; abbreviated
Latin Pronunciation: ab-bree-vee-AY-tum

Meaning: From Abkhasia (a region in the Caucasus); also spelled abschasicum
Latin Pronunciation: ab-KAS-ee-kum

Meaning: Hidden, concealed or secret
Latin Pronunciation: AB-dee-tum

Meaning: From Abkhasia (a region in the Caucasus); also spelled abschasicus
Latin Pronunciation: ab-KAS-ee-kus

Meaning: Hidden, concealed or secret
Latin Pronunciation: AB-dee-tuh

Meaning: From the Latin abdomin (belly) and refers to the lip shape's similarity to an insect's abdomen
Latin Pronunciation: ab-do-MIN-ee-uh

Meaning: Father (source) of musk
Latin Pronunciation: a-bel-MOS-kus

Meaning: Having leaves like Abelia
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-lee-oh-FY-lum

Meaning: Hidden, concealed or secret
Latin Pronunciation: AB-dee-tus

Meaning: (for Dr. Clarke Abel)
Latin Pronunciation: Ab-beel-ee-uh
Common Name: Glossy Abelia.

Meaning: Named for Henry Duncan McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway and President of the RHS in the early 20th century
Latin Pronunciation: ab-er-KON-way-eye

Meaning: Of or from Aberdeen, South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: ab-er-deen-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Aberdeen, South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: ab-er-deen-EN-sis


aberrant

Atypical or unusual; not normally occurring.

Meaning: Abberant; deviating from the norm
Latin Pronunciation: AB-ber-ranz

Meaning: Named for James William Abert 19th century American topographical artist who accompanied Fremont on his expedition in the western U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: a-bert-ee-AY-num

Meaning: Named for James William Abert 19th century American topographical artist who accompanied Fremont on his expedition in the western U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: a-BERT-ee-eye


Latin Pronunciation: Ay-bih-eez
Common Name: Fir.

Meaning: Latin name for Silver Fir
Latin Pronunciation: a-BEE-tees

Meaning: Resembling Abies (fir tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-bee-TY-nuh

Meaning: Resembling Abies (fir tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-bee-TY-num

Meaning: Resembling Abies (fir tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-bee-TY-nus


abiogenesis

Spontaneous generation of life from nonliving material.


abiotic stress

Nonliving environmental factors such as frost, drought, excessive heat, high winds, etc., that can have harmful effects on plants.


abiotic

Nonliving, as opposed to biological.


abiotic transformation

Any process in which a chemical in the environment is altered by nonbiological mechanisms, e.g., by exposure to sunlight.

Meaning: Latin name for silver Fir
Latin Pronunciation: a-BY-tees

Meaning: Rejected; thrown away
Latin Pronunciation: AB-jek-tum

Meaning: Rejected; thrown away
Latin Pronunciation: AB-jek-tuh

Meaning: Rejected; thrown away
Latin Pronunciation: AB-jek-tus

Meaning: Irregular
Latin Pronunciation: AB-norm-iss

Meaning: Irregular
Latin Pronunciation: AB-norm-ee

Meaning: Possibly derived from a South American name
Latin Pronunciation: a-BOH-bruh

Meaning: Original
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-rij-IN-ee-uh

Meaning: Original
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-rij-IN-ee-um

Meaning: Original
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-rij-IN-ee-us

Meaning: Of the original inhabitants
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-RIJ-in-um

Meaning: Of the original inhabitants
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-rij-IN-or-um

Meaning: Of the original inhabitants
Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-RIJ-in-us


abortion

Imperfect development or nondevelopment of an organ.

Meaning: Abortive, incomplete
Latin Pronunciation: a-bor-TEE-vuh


abortive

Defective or barren. Describes especially but not exclusively reproductive structures.

Meaning: Abortive, incomplete
Latin Pronunciation: a-bor-TEE-vum

Latin Pronunciation: ab-or-tye-vus
Meaning: aborted.


above

1. Refers to the adaxial (upper/outer) surface of a leaf, petal, sepal or scale. 2. Refers to the part of a stem, bulb, tuber, branch, or inflorescence that is the greatest distance from the attachment, following the stem/branch; if a branch arches with a flower at the tip drooping nearly to the ground, the flower is said to be above the highest point of the branch.


abrade

To scrape off.

Meaning: Named for LeRoy Abrams, 20th century professor of Botany at Stanford University (U.S.) and southern California plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: a-BRAMS-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek habros (delicate, pretty) and diktyon (a net)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-roh-DIKT-yum

Meaning: From the Greek a (without) and broma (food); these plants are mildly toxic
Latin Pronunciation: a-BROH-muh

Meaning: Named for Johannes Abromeit, 18th century German botanist
Latin Pronunciation: a-bro-mite-tee-EL-luh

Meaning: (delicate)
Latin Pronunciation: Ab-roh-nee-uh
Common Name: Sand-verbena.

Meaning: From the Greek abros (delicate) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-roh-FIL-um

Meaning: Diminutive form of the Greek habr?tonon (Artemesia), which it resembles and smells like
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-el-luh

Meaning: Diminutive form of the Greek habr?tonon (Artemesia), which it resembles and smells like
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-ell-OY-deez

Meaning: Having foliage resembling Southernwood (Artemesia abrotanum, specific epithet is from the Greek habr?tonon)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage resembling Southernwood (Artemesia abrotanum, specific epithet is from the Greek habr?tonon)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having foliage resembling Southernwood (Artemesia abrotanum, specific epithet is from the Greek habr?tonon)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: From the Greek habr?tonon
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-TAN-um

Meaning: From the Latin abrumpere (to break off); ending abruptly or suddenly
Latin Pronunciation: a-BRUPT-um


abrupt

Suddenly narrowed or cut off.

Meaning: From the Latin abrumpere (to break off); ending abruptly or suddenly
Latin Pronunciation: a-BRUPT-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ab-rup-tus
Meaning: abrupt; sud with saber-shaped leaves.

Meaning: Of or from Abkhasia (a region of the Caucasus); also spelled abchasica
Latin Pronunciation: abs-KAS-ee-kuh

Meaning: (delicate)
Latin Pronunciation: Ay-brus.

Meaning: Resembles Artemisia abrotanum (from the Greek habr?tonon, which it resembles and smells like)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-ro-tan-OY-deez

Meaning: Of or from Abkhasia (a region of the Caucasus); also spelled abchasicum
Latin Pronunciation: abs-KAS-ee-kum

Meaning: Of or from Abkhasia (a region of the Caucasus); also spelled abchasicus
Latin Pronunciation: abs-KAS-ee-kus


abscisic acid (abr. ABA, syn. abscisin)

A plant hormone that promotes leaf.


absciss-layer

A belt of tissue preparing for separation, especially at the connection of a leaf to the stem. abscission, fruit drop, and seed dormancy, and has an inhibitory effect on cell elongation.

Meaning: From the Latin abscissus (cut off)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIS-uh


abscission (adj. abscissile)

The normal shedding of leaves, flowers or fruit from a plant at a special separation layer, or abscission zone.

Meaning: From the Latin abscissus (cut off)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIS-um


abscission zone

The area of separation when a plant sheds a leaf, flower or fruit.

Meaning: From the Latin abscissus (cut off)
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIS-us

Meaning: Hidden, secret, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-dit-uh

Meaning: Hidden, secret, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-dit-um

Meaning: Hidden
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-suh

Meaning: Hidden
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-sum

Meaning: Hidden, secret, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-dit-us


absent petiole

A leaf without a petiole; sessile.

Meaning: Hidden
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SKON-sus

Meaning: Dissimilar
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIM-il-lee

Meaning: Dissimilar
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIM-il-liss

Meaning: Wormwood
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIN-thee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Artemesia absinthium
Latin Pronunciation: ab-sinth-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Artemesia absinthium
Latin Pronunciation: ab-sinth-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Wormwood
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIN-thee-um

Meaning: Named for Hermann Maximilian Carl Ludwig Friedrich zu Solms-Laubach, 20th century German biologist and professor of botany
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SOLMS-ee-uh

Meaning: Wormwood
Latin Pronunciation: ab-SIN-thee-us

Meaning: Concluded, finished
Latin Pronunciation: ab-soh-LEW-tuh

Meaning: Concluded, finished
Latin Pronunciation: ab-soh-LEW-tum

Meaning: Having leaves like Artemesia absinthium
Latin Pronunciation: ab-sinth-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Concluded, finished
Latin Pronunciation: ab-soh-LEW-tus


absorbents

Antacid herb.


absorb (n. absorption)

To suck up or take up, e.g., plant roots absorb water.


absorb (n. absorption)

To suck up or take up, e.g., plant roots absorb water.


absorption spectrum

A graph of the amount of light a substance absorbs, plotted as a function of energy, frequency, or wavelength.

Meaning: Hidden, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-STREW-suh

Meaning: Hidden, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-STREW-sus

Meaning: Profuse (abundant) flowering
Latin Pronunciation: ab-un-di-FLOR-uh

Meaning: Hidden, concealed
Latin Pronunciation: ab-STREW-sum

Meaning: Profuse (abundant) flowering
Latin Pronunciation: ab-un-di-FLOR-um

Meaning: From the French Guinian vernacular name for this plant
Latin Pronunciation: AB-yoo-tuh

Meaning: Resembles Abutilon (genus name from the Arabic word for a mallow-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: a-bew-til-OY-deez

Meaning: Profuse (abundant) flowering
Latin Pronunciation: ab-un-di-FLOR-us


Latin Pronunciation: Ab-yew-til-on
Common Name: Flowering- maple.

Meaning: From the Greek Abutilon (the Arabic word for a mallow-like plant) and thamnos (shrub)
Latin Pronunciation: a-bew-tih-loh-THAM-nus

Meaning: Of or from Ethiopia (Abyssinica)
Latin Pronunciation: a-biss-IN-ee-kum

Meaning: Of or from Ethiopia (Abyssinica)
Latin Pronunciation: a-biss-IN-ee-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Ethiopia (Abyssinica)
Latin Pronunciation: a-biss-IN-ee-kus

Meaning: Acacia shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ay-SEE-form-ee

Meaning: Acacia shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ay-SEE-form-iss

Meaning: From the Greek Akakallis, a name of a nymph in Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: a-ka-KALL-iss

Meaning: (point, thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak-kay-see-uh, Ak-kay-shuh.

Meaning: Having foliage like Acacia (genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-KAY-see-eye-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Acacia (genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-KAY-see-eye-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having foliage like Acacia (genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-KAY-see-eye-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Shaped like Acacia (Genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kay-see-FOR-mee

Meaning: Shaped like Acacia (Genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kay-see-FOR-miss

Meaning: Like Acacia (Genus name meaning thorny or spiny)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kay-see-OY-deez

Meaning: (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-see-nuh
Common Name: New Zealand Bur.

Meaning: Without a calyx
Latin Pronunciation: a-ka-LEE-kin-uh

Meaning: of or from Acadia
Latin Pronunciation: ah-cay-dee-EN-sis


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-al-lye-fuh
Common Name: Copper Leaf, Three-seeded Mercury.

Meaning: Nettle-like
Latin Pronunciation: ak-uh-ly-fuh-SEE-uh

Meaning: Nettle-like
Latin Pronunciation: ak-uh-ly-fuh-SEE-um

Meaning: Nettle-like
Latin Pronunciation: ak-uh-ly-fuh-SEE-us

Meaning: From the Greek akampes (inflexible, brittle) and refers to the brittle flowers
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAM-pee

Meaning: The Acanthus family (from the Greek ákantha, meaning thorn, spine, or spike)
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kanth-AY-see-ay

Meaning: From the Greek akamptos (stiff) and pappos (pappus)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kamp-to-PAP-pus

Meaning: Diminutive form of Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-THEL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny
Latin Pronunciation: a-KANT-tee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-KAN-thee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and ephippi (saddle); refers to the saddle-like lip with thorn-like points
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-the-FIP-ee-um

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit); spiny seed
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-KAR-puh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit); spiny seed
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-KAR-pum

Meaning: Having foliage like Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn or spike)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit); spiny seed
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-KAR-pus

Meaning: Having foliage like Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn or spike)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having foliage like Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn or spike)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny
Latin Pronunciation: a-KANT-tee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-KAN-thee-us

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny
Latin Pronunciation: a-KANT-tee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-KAN-thee-um

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and kalyx (covering; calyx)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KAY-liss-ees

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and calyx (covering)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-KAL-iks

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-KAR-puh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and cardamum (a cress-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KARD-uh-mum

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and kalyx (covering; calyx), referring to the thorny flowers
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-ka-LEE-see-um

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-KAR-pus

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and kephale (head)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-SEF-al-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kanth-oh-KEF-al-us

Meaning: (thorny-Cereus)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak anth-oh-seer-ee-us.

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and chlamys (cloak)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KLAM-mis

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and chiton (skin, covering)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KY-ton

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and clados (branch)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KLAD-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and clados (branch)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-KLAD-ee-um

Meaning: From the Greek akantha (thorn) and clados (branch)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KLAD-um

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and clados (branch)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KLAD-us

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and kome (hair)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KOH-ma

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and kome (hair)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-KOH-mum

Latin Pronunciation: ak-anth-oh-koh-mus
Meaning: with leaves similar to Monkshood with spine-like hairs. (Aconitum).

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny
Latin Pronunciation: a-KANTH-oh-deez

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and Gilia (named for Felipe Luis Gil, 18th century Spanish botanist)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-JIL-ee-uh

Meaning: Resembling Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAN-thoy-deez

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and lepis (scale)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-LEP-iss

Meaning: (thorny-Sea-Lavender)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak-anth-oh-lye-mon. Prickly Thrift.

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and Lippia (named for Augusto (Augustin) Lippi, 17th century Italian naturalist)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-LIP-pee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and mentha (mint)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-MIN-tha

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and nemas (thread)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NEE-muh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and neuron (vein, nerve); spiny vein
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NOOR-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kanth-oh-NYUR-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and neuron (vein, nerve); spiny vein
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NOOR-on
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kanth-oh-NYUR-on

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny back
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NOH-tum

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny back
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NOH-tus

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny back
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-NOH-tuh

Meaning: (thorny-Panax)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak anth-oh-pay-nax.

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and palum (a stake)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-PAL-ee

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and phoenix (date palm), referring to its resemblance to this plant
Latin Pronunciation: ak-anth-oh-FEE-niks

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spine-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FOR-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spine-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FOR-um

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny leaf
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FIL-os

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny leaf
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FIL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny leaf
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FIL-on

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spine-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FOR-us

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny leaf
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FIL-lum

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); spiny leaf
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-FIL-lus

Meaning: Spiny foot
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-POH-dee-us

Meaning: Spiny foot
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-POH-dee-um

Meaning: Spiny foot
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-POH-dee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and rhiza (root), referring to the spiny rootlets
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-RY-zuh

Meaning: Resembling Acanthus (genus name from the Greek ?kantha, meaning thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-THOP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and sisyos (cucumber)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-SIS-eye-os

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); thorn-nose
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-RYE-num

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and sperma (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-SPER-mum

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and stachys (spike); the flower spikes are spiny
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-STAK-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kan-tho-STAY-kiss

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and stelma (crown)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kan-tho-STEL-muh

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn) and syris (of or from Syria)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-SY-riss

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn), or thorny shrub; sometimes spelled acanthothamnus
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-THAM-nos

Meaning: From the Greek ?kantha (thorn); thorny styles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-STY-lees

Meaning: (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak-kanth-us
Common Name: Bears- breech.

Meaning: Variant of acanthothamnos; from the Greek ?kantha (thorn), meaning thorny or spiny shrub
Latin Pronunciation: a-kanth-oh-THAM-nus

Meaning: Lacking seeds
Latin Pronunciation: a-kar-ee-oh-SPER-muh

Meaning: Without stem or trunk
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAW-lee


acarodomatia

Domatia which have adapted to provide shelter to beneficial mites.


acaulescent

A plant that is stemless or apparently so, or with the stem subterranean.


acariasis

An infestation with or a disease caused by mites.

Meaning: Becoming stemless
Latin Pronunciation: a-kaw-LES-enz

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kaw-liss
Meaning: stemless.

Meaning: From the Greek acaulis (stemless) and Malva (the genus)
Latin Pronunciation: a-kawl-ih-MAL-vuh

Meaning: Without stem (or stems)
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAW-lon

Meaning: Without stem (or stems)
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAW-los


accelerators

Admixtures that decrease the setting time of concrete by increasing the rate of hydration.

Meaning: From an ancient Hebrew word meaning hot sand
Latin Pronunciation: AK-uh


accessory

Auxiliary, subsidiary; as the parts of a flower beyond the necessary male and female organs, such as petals and sepals.


accessory bud

Buds which are at or near the nodes but not in the axils of the leaves.


accessory fruit

A fruit, or group of fruits derived from a singleflower, in which the conspicuous, fleshy portion develops from the receptacle and is shed with the true fruit(s) attached.


accessory organs

Parts of a flower that are not directly connected with male and female organs, e.g., petals and sepals, etc.


acclimate (n. acclimation)

To adapt to a new environment, or a change in the environment.


acclimatization (syn. adaptation)

The physiological process by which an organism adapts to a new environment.

Meaning: Leaning on
Latin Pronunciation: ak-LIN-iss


acclimate (n. acclimation)

To adapt to a new environment, or a change in the environment.

Meaning: Becoming enlarged
Latin Pronunciation: a-KRES-enz


accrescent

Gaining in girth or length with age or following fertilization, or growing together, as the calyx of some plants after flowering, such as the ground cherry.

Meaning: Lying down
Latin Pronunciation: a-KUM-benz


accumbent

A cotyledon having the edges lying against the radicle.

Meaning: Without a head
Latin Pronunciation: a-SEF-uh-lum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-KEF-uh-lum

Meaning: Without a head
Latin Pronunciation: a-SEF-uh-luh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-KEF-uh-luh

Latin Pronunciation: ass-sef-al-us
Meaning: headless.


Latin Pronunciation: Ay-ser
Common Name: Maple.

Meaning: From the Greek a (without) and keras (horn, spur); the flowers are spurless
Latin Pronunciation: AY-ker-as
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AY-ser-as

Meaning: The Acer (maple) family; from the Latin word for acrid or sharp, referring to Maple's hardness and the ancient Roman use of the wood for spears
Latin Pronunciation: ay-ser-AY-see-ay

Meaning: From the Greek a (without) and keras (horns)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-ser-RAT-ee-um

Meaning: From the Latin, bitter or sour; unripe
Alternative Meaning:Rough
Latin Pronunciation: a-SER-buh

Meaning: From the Latin, bitter or sour; unripe
Alternative Meaning:Rough
Latin Pronunciation: a-SER-bum

Latin Pronunciation: ass-serb-us
Meaning: harsh; sour tasting.

Meaning: Leaves like a Maple Tree
Latin Pronunciation: a-ser-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Leaves like a Maple Tree
Latin Pronunciation: a-ser-ih-FOH-lee-um


aceriform

Shaped like a maple leaf; deeply lobed.

Latin Pronunciation: ay-ser-if-foh-lee-us
Meaning: Maple- leaves.

Meaning: Relating to Acer (Maple genus)
Latin Pronunciation: a-SER-in-um

Meaning: Relating to Acer (Maple genus)
Latin Pronunciation: a-SER-in-uh

Meaning: Relating to Acer (Maple genus)
Latin Pronunciation: a-SER-in-us

Meaning: Having leaves like a Maple Tree
Latin Pronunciation: a-ser-IF-ih-lum

Meaning: Having leaves like a Maple Tree
Latin Pronunciation: a-ser-IF-ih-lus

Meaning: Having leaves like a Maple Tree
Latin Pronunciation: a-ser-IF-il-uh

Latin Pronunciation: Ay-ser-roy-deez
Meaning: Maple-like. pointed; tapering.


acerose

Sharp, solid, needle-like.

Meaning: Sharp, with stiff needles; needle-like
Latin Pronunciation: ay-ser-OH-sum

Meaning: Sharp, with stiff needles; needle-like
Latin Pronunciation: ay-ser-OH-suh

Meaning: Pre-Linnaean name for common sorrel & other plants with acid leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-SET-oh-suh

Latin Pronunciation: as s-e r-r o h-s us
Meaning: needle- shaped. sharply angled.

Meaning: Pre-Linnaean name for common sorrel & other plants with acid leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kee-TOE-sell-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-see-TOE-sell-uh

Meaning: Pre-Linnaean name for common sorrel & other plants with acid leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-SET-oh-sum

Meaning: From the Greek a (without) and charis (grace); unpleasant
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAR-ee-uh

Meaning: Pre-Linnaean name for common sorrel & other plants with acid leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-SET-oh-sus


achene

A small dry and hard 1- celled, 1- seeded indehiscent fruit.


achenecetum

A cluster of small seeds ( achenes), as in buttercups, Ranunculus.


achenocarp

Any dry fruit that does not open by itself.

Meaning: From the Greek achetae (cicada or chirping sound) and aria (place)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-eh-TAR-ee-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-il-lee-uh
Common Name: Yarrow.

Meaning: Having leaves like Achillea, genus named for Achilles, who used plants of the genus to staunch the wounds of his soldiers at the siege of Troy
Latin Pronunciation: ah-key-lee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Achillea, genus named for Achilles, who used plants of the genus to staunch the wounds of his soldiers at the siege of Troy
Latin Pronunciation: ah-key-lee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Having leaves like Achillea, genus named for Achilles, who used plants of the genus to staunch the wounds of his soldiers at the siege of Troy
Latin Pronunciation: ah-key-lee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: A hybrid cross of Achimenes (without winter) & Smithiantha (genus named for Matilda Smith, a botanical artist)
Latin Pronunciation: a-KIM-in-ANTH-uh


achlamydeous

Without a perianth, e.g., the flowers of a willow.

Meaning: (suffering-from-cold)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak-kim-in-eez.

Meaning: From the Greek chemaino, meaning to suffer from the cold
Latin Pronunciation: a-KIM-ih-neez


achlorophyllous

Lacking chlorophyll; appearing without green color.

Meaning: Darkness loving
Latin Pronunciation: ak-lee-FY-luh

Meaning: Named for the Ahklys, the Greek goddess of darkness, mists, misery and eternal night (probably because the plant lives in shade)
Latin Pronunciation: AK-liss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AK-lees

Meaning: Chaff-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: ak-no-FOR-uh

Meaning: From the Greek achne (chaff) and pogon (beard)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-no-POH-gon

Meaning: From the Greek achne (chaff) and ather (stalk)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-NATH-er-um

Meaning: From the greek achyr (chaff) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ky-RAN-thees

Meaning: From Greek and Latin for a chaffy achene; alluding to the pappus
Latin Pronunciation: a-ky-ra-KAY-nuh

Meaning: From the Greek name for a wild pear tree
Latin Pronunciation: AK-rass

Meaning: From the Greek achyr (chaff) and calyx
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ky-roh-KAL-iks

Meaning: From the Greek achyr (chaff) and clinos (to slope or bend)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ky-roh-KLY-nee

Meaning: From the Greek achr (chaff) and pappus
Latin Pronunciation: a-ky-roh-PAP-us

Meaning: From the Greek achyr (chaff) and onyx (claw); refers to the chaffy calyx
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ky-ro-NIK-ee-uh

Meaning: Resembling Achyranthes (chaff flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ky-ROP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek acius (point) and anthus (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: a-see-AN-thus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kee-AN-thus

Meaning: Needle-like; needle-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ik-yew-LAIR-ee


acicular

Needle-shaped. If solid, may be either round or grooved in cross section.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-ik-yew-lay-riss
Meaning: needle-

Meaning: Needle-like; needle-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ik-yew-LAY-tus

Meaning: Needle-like; needle-shaped
Alternative Meaning:Marked with fine, irregular streaks
Latin Pronunciation: ass-sik-yoo-LAY-ta

Meaning: Needle-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: ah-sik-YOO-lee-fer


aciculate

1. Describes a surface that is etched with fine lines, as if scratched by a needle. 2. Marked with what appears to be pin pricks, usually arranged at random.

Meaning: Sour; to be sour
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ih-DAN-ther-um

Meaning: Sour; to be sour
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ih-DAN-ther-us


acid soil (adj. acidic)

Soil with a pH level below 7 is considered acidic; also called sour.

Meaning: (sharp-anther)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-id-anth-er-uh.

acidifier

An additive that decreases the pH (and increases the acidity) of soil.

Meaning: Very sour
Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-ISS-ee-muh

Meaning: Very sour
Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-ISS-ee-mum

Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-diss-im-us
Meaning: very

Meaning: From the Greek acido (acidic or sour) and Croton (the genus)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-oh-KRO-ton


acidophile (adj. acidophilic)

A microorganism that can, or must, live in an acidic environment. See also: alkaliphile.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-doh-sus
Meaning: acid; bitter.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-id-us
Meaning: acid; sour. lobed.


acidulous

Slightly acidic.


acid rain

Rain which has turned acidic due to the presence of sulfur or nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. Acid rain can harm and even kill plants and aquatic life.


acid soil (adj. acidic)

Soil with a pH level below 7 is considered acidic; also called sour.

Meaning: From the Greek aci (pointed) and lepis (scale)
Latin Pronunciation: a-ky-LEP-iss


acinaceous

Covered or filled with kernels.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-in-nay-see-us
Meaning: saber-breviated, shortened. shaped.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-in-ay-sif-foh-lee-us
Meaning:


acinaciform

Shaped like a half moon.

Meaning: Scimitar-shaped leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ah-see-na-see-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Scimitar-shaped leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ah-see-na-see-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Scimitar-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ah-see-na-SEE-for-mee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ah-see-na-SEE-for-may

Meaning: Scimitar-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: ah-see-na-SEE-for-mis

Meaning: (immovable)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-in-nee-tuh.

Meaning: From akinos, the name used by Pliny referring to an aromatic herb, possibly wild basil or basil-thyme
Latin Pronunciation: ass-IN-ohs
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-IN-ohs

Meaning: Pointed, referring to the toothed bracts
Latin Pronunciation: a-KY-oh-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-SY-oh-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aci (sharp, pointed) and phylla (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: a-KY-fil-luh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ass-ih-FIL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aci (pointed, sharp) and anther (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: a-ky-SAN-ther-uh


acinose

Resembling a bunch of grapes.

Meaning: Named for George Ackermann, early 19th century collector who brought back a stem cutting from Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: ak-er-MAN-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) cleis (something that closes) and anthos (flower), or "without an involucre"
Latin Pronunciation: a-klee-SAN-thees

Meaning: Latinized form of Maori vernacular name for these New Zealand native trees
Latin Pronunciation: a-KAY-muh

Meaning: From the Greek acmenos (full of vigor), and a name for the Greek goddess, Venus
Latin Pronunciation: ak-MEE-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AK-mee-nuh

Meaning: Little point
Latin Pronunciation: ak-MEL-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AK-mel-uh

Meaning: Pointed petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-mo-PET-uh-luh

Meaning: Pointed petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-mo-PET-al-lum

Meaning: Pointed petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-mo-PET-uh-lus

Meaning: Pointed gate
Latin Pronunciation: ak-mo-PY-lee

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without), koilos (hollow), and raphe (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: a-koh-el-or-RAF-fee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-see-lor-RAF-fee

Meaning: From the Greek akis (sharp point) and anthera (anthers), referring to the pointed anthers
Latin Pronunciation: ak-oh-KAN-ther-uh


acondylose

Stems which lack joints or nodes.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without), koilos (hollow) and raphis (needle)
Latin Pronunciation: a-see-loh-RAY-fee

Meaning: Aconitum-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kon-eye-tih-FOH-lee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kon-eye-tee-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: ak-oh-nye-tif-foh-lee-us
Meaning:

Meaning: Aconitum-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kon-eye-tih-FOH-lee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kon-eye-tee-FOH-lee-uh


acorn

The hard-shelled, one- seeded fruit of the oaks (Quercus) which consists of a nut which is partly enclosed by the cupule, or cap.

Meaning: From the Greek name for barley
Latin Pronunciation: ah-KOS-tuh


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-oh-nye-tum
Common Name: Monks-hood, Aconite.

Meaning: Name that Theophrastus used for a plant with an aromatic rhizome
Latin Pronunciation: AK-or-us

Meaning: Named for Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Catherine Gibbes A'Court, 18th century english amateur botanist
Latin Pronunciation: a-KOUR-tee-uh

Meaning: Named for Guillermo Acosta, a Costa Rican orchid collector
Latin Pronunciation: ah-KOS-tee-uh


acotyledonous

Having no seed leaves, or cotyledons.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (at the tip) and adenia (gland); referring to the glandular tips on the carpels
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ra-DEE-nee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-ra-DEN-ee-us

Meaning: From the Greek akros (at the tip) and adenia (gland); referring to the glandular tips on the carpels
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ra-DEE-nee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-ra-DEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Apical anther
Latin Pronunciation: a-KRAN-ther-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ay-kriss
Meaning: acrid; sharp.

Meaning: Resembling Acris (Locust)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ree-OP-sis

Meaning: Acrid, bitter taste
Latin Pronunciation: AK-ree


acrid

Harsh and bitter in taste.

Meaning: Confusing pappus
Latin Pronunciation: a-kri-TOP-ap-us

Meaning: confusing bristles
Latin Pronunciation: a-krit-OH-kay-tee

Meaning: From the Greek acro (topmost) and botrys (a bunch of grapes)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-BOT-riss


acrocarpous

In mosses, having the sporophyte terminal on a stem or ordinary branch.

Meaning: Having seed at the tip
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-KAR-pum

Meaning: Having seed at the tip
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Having seed at the tip
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-KAR-puh

Meaning: From the Greek akros (top, terminal) and keras (a horn), referring to crested lemmas
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-KER-as
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-roh-SER-as


acrocidal capsule

A dry fruit which dehisces by slits at the terminal.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and kephale (head)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-SEF-uh-lus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-roh-KEF-uh-lus

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and clino (prostrate), referring to the nodding flower buds
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-KLINE-ee-um

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and kome (tuft of hair), referring to the leaves' position at the top of the stem
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ro-KOH-mee-uh


acrodome

With the main veins ending at the leaf tip.


acrodromous

Describes leaves with two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins running in convergent arches towards the apex. Arches not recurved at base. See also: brochidodromous, eucamptodromous, semicraspedodromous.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and odontes (tooth)
Latin Pronunciation: AK-ro-don

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and glochin, (point)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-GLOH-kin

Meaning: From the Greek akro (top, end) and nema (thread)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-NEE-muh

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and onyx (claw); the points of the petals are curved like claws
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ro-NIK-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek akros (end, terminal) and lophos (mane, crest)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-LOH-fee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and pelte (shield)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-PEL-tuh


acropetal

Developing in a succession from the base and towards the apex. See also: basipetal.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and phyllon (leaf), referring to the terminal clusters of leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-FILL-a

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and phyllon (leaf), referring to the terminal clusters of leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-FILL-um

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and pogon (beard)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-POH-gon


acroscopic

Facing upwards, towards the apex of the axis on which it is borne. See also: basocopic.

Meaning: Feather-tipped
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ROH-til-lon

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and orchis (orchid)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ROR-kiss

Meaning: From the Greek arkros (highest, terminal) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-SAN-theez

Meaning: From the Greek akro (top, end) and sorus (heap)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-SOR-us


acrostichoid

Having sporangia apparently scattered on the surface of the fertile lamina.

Meaning: Like the genus Acrostichum
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ruh-STIK-oy-deez

Meaning: From the Greek akro (highest, terminal) and stemon (thread, stamen)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-STEE-mon
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-roh-STEM-on


acrotonic

Describes flowering seasonal shoots which produce leaves below the inflorescence. See also: basitonic.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and temnein (to cut)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ROH-toh-me

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and trema (apterture, hole)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-TREE-muh

Meaning: From the Greek akros (terminal) and stichos (a row)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ro-STISH-um


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-tee-uh
Common Name: Actea, Baneberry, Cohosh.

Meaning: From the Greek akros (highest, terminal) and thrix (hair)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-roh-TRY-kee

Meaning: Seashore or seaside
Latin Pronunciation: AK-tee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AK-tay

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and ?kantha (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-uh-KAN-tha

Meaning: Diminutive of Actinanthus (from the Greek aktinos, ray and anthos, flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-ANTH-el-luh

Meaning: Having leaves like Actaea (Baneberry genus)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tee-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and ?kantha (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-uh-KAN-thus

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-AN-thus

Meaning: (for ray-like styles)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak tin-nid-ee-uh.

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray; radiating)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-TIN-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-TIN-ee-uh

Meaning: The Actinidia family (from the Greek aktis (ray) referring to the styles of flowers)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-id-ee-AY-see-ay

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and akantha (thorn, prickle)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-uh-KAN-thum

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and pteris (fern); refers to the radiating leaf segments
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-ee-OP-ter-is

Meaning: From Greek actinos (ray) and bolos (lump or mass), or obolos (small coin); a reference to the capitulum which has florets surrounded by bracts with reflexed laminae
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-OH-bol-ee

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and daphne, who, according to legend, was transformed into a Laurel to escape Apollo
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-DAF-nee

Meaning: Ray nut
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-KAR-yuh

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and Kentia (an old name for Howea forsteriana)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-KEN-tee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and meris (a part)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-OH-mer-iss


actinomorphic

Refers to flowers that can be divided into symmetrical halves along any diameter. See also: zygomorphic.

Meaning: Radiating petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-PET-uh-luh

Meaning: Radiating petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-PET-al-lum


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-tin-oh-flee-us
Common Name: Cluster Palm.

Meaning: Radiating petals
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-PET-uh-lus

Meaning: Radiating leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-FIL-uh

Meaning: Radiating leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-FIL-us

Meaning: Radiating leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ak-ten-oh-FIL-um

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and schoinos (rush, reed)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-SKEE-nus

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and scirpus, the Latin name for a rush or bull rush
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-SKIR-pus

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and rhytis (wrinkle)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-RY-tus


actinostelic

Refers to a vascular strand where ribs radiate outward.

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and seris (genus name for a lettuce-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-SER-iss

Meaning: From the Greek, ray stamens
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-STEE-mon
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ak-tin-oh-STEM-on

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and stemma (garland, crown)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-STEM-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aktinos (ray) and spermus (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-SPER-mum

Meaning: From the Greek aktis (ray) and strobus (cone); refers to the cone scales
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-oh-STROH-bus

Meaning: From the Greek aktinotus (furnished with rays); the bracts are very showy
Latin Pronunciation: ak-tin-OH-tus

Meaning: From Greek: aktites, coast dweller, referring to the habitat of the species
Latin Pronunciation: ak-TY-tees

Meaning: Prefix meaning sharply pointed
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo


active transport

The movement of a chemical substance by the expenditure of energy through a gradient (as across a cell membrane) in concentration or electrical potential and opposite to the direction of normal diffusion.

Meaning: Prickly, thorny
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-lee-AY-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kew-lee-AH-tuh

Meaning: Very prickly
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-lee-ah-TIS-sim-uh


actual

As in actual nitrogen; calculating the amount of the mineral present, e.g., calculating a 25-pound bag of fertilizer containing 22 percent of nitrogen as the equation 25 pounds X .22 = 5.5 pounds of actual nitrogen.


aculeate

Prickly; beset with prickles.

Meaning: Very prickly
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-lee-ah-TIS-sim-uh

Meaning: Very prickly
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-lee-ah-TIS-sim-um

Meaning: Prickly, thorny
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-lee-AY-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kew-lee-AH-tum

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-lee-ay-tus
Meaning: prickly.


aculeiform

Shaped like a prickle.


aculeolate

Beset with diminutive prickles.

Meaning: Having small prickles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-lee-oh-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Having small prickles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-lee-oh-LAY-tum

Meaning: Having small prickles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-lee-oh-LAY-tus


acumen

The gradually tapering narrow point of an acuminate leaf.

Meaning: Tapering to a long point
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-min-AY-tuh


acuminate (n. acumination)

The shape of a tip or base of a leaf or perianth segment where the part tapers gradually and often in a concave manner.

Meaning: Leaves tapering into narrow long points
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-min-at-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Leaves tapering into narrow long points
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-min-at-ih-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: ak-yew-min-ay-tif foh-lee-us
Meaning: with narrowing, pointed

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-min-nay-tus
Meaning: long-leaved.

Meaning: Sharp angles; sharpened to a point
Latin Pronunciation: a-KEW-ta


acutangular

Refers to a stem that is sharply angled.

Meaning: Having sharp angles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-TAN-gu-luh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kew-TAN-gyoo-luh

Meaning: Tapering to a long point
Latin Pronunciation: ah-kew-min-AY-tum

Meaning: Having sharp angles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-tan-gu-LAIR-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kew-tan-gyoo-LAH-riss

Meaning: Having sharp angles
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-TAN-gu-lum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-kew-TAN-gyoo-lum

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-tan-gew-lus
Meaning:


acute

Terminating with a sharp or well defined angle.

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-tif-id-us
Meaning: sharply like. cut.

Meaning: Pointed flowers
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-tih-FLOR-uh

Meaning: Pointed flowers
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-tih-FLOR-um

Meaning: Pointed flowers
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-tih-FLOR-us

Meaning: With sharp leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-ti-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-tif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: sour. sharp-leaved.

Meaning: With sharp leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-ti-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Pointed lobes
Latin Pronunciation: a-KEW-ti-low-buh

Meaning: Pointed lobes
Latin Pronunciation: a-KEW-ti-low-bum

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-til-loh-bus
Meaning: sharp-

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-tip-pet-al-us
Meaning: sharp or pointed-petaled.

Meaning: Having sharply pointed petals
Latin Pronunciation: a-kew-tih-PET-uh-luh

Meaning: Most pointed
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-TISS-ee-muh

Meaning: Most pointed
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-TISS-ee-mum

Meaning: Most pointed
Latin Pronunciation: ak-yoo-TISS-ee-mum

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kew-tus
Meaning: sharp-pointed.

Meaning: Sharp angles; sharpened to a point
Latin Pronunciation: a-KEW-tum


acyclic

Arranged in spirals as opposed to whorls.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without), cystis (bladder), and pteris (fern)
Latin Pronunciation: a-sis-TOP-ter-iss

Meaning: (for French botanist Michael Adanson)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-an-soh-nee-uh
Common Name: Baobab-tree.

adaptation (alt. adaption)

1. The ways an organism becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. 2. A genetically changing characteristic that raises an organism's ability to survive.

Meaning: Named for Ada, sister of Artemis in Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: AY-duh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ADD-uh


adaptability

Proficiency of an organism to make changes improving survivability and reproduction in its habitat.


adaptedness

The genetic characteristics by which an organism is suited to its environment.


adaptive radiation

The evolution of new species or subspecies to fill unoccupied ecological niches.


adaptation (alt. adaption)

1. The ways an organism becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. 2. A genetically changing characteristic that raises an organism's ability to survive.


adaxial

Facing toward the axis, as the upper surface of a leaf.


adaptive capacity

The genetically set range or flexibility of reactions of an organism enabling it to respond in different ways to differing conditions.

Meaning: Named for Judge Addison Brown, 19th century New York politician and supporter of the New York Botanical Garden
Latin Pronunciation: ad-dis-SON-ee-eye


adaptive selection

The evolution of comparable forms in separate but ecologically similar areas.

Meaning: From the Greek adelo (unknown, secret, or hidden) and botrys (a bunch of grapes)
Latin Pronunciation: a-del-oh-BOT-riss


additive

Material added to a substance, such as fertilizer, to better enable it to perform the desired function.

Meaning: From the Greek adelo (unknown, secret, or hidden) and stemma (garland or crown)
Latin Pronunciation: a-del-oh-STEM-uh

Meaning: From the Greek adelo (unknown, secret, or hidden) and petalum (petals)
Latin Pronunciation: a-del-oh-PET-al-lum

Meaning: From the Greek adelo (unknown, secret, or hidden) and stigma
Latin Pronunciation: a-del-oh-STIG-muh

Meaning: Prefix in compound words referring to the presence of glands
Latin Pronunciation: a-den

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and andros (man); the stamens have glands
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-AN-druh

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-ANTH-ee

Meaning: (for glandular anthers)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-en-anth-er-uh
Common Name: Bead Tree.

Meaning: From the Greek aden (a gland) and anthos(flower), referring to the prominent nectaries within the floral tube
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-AN-thos

Meaning: Named for Aden, a small country south of Saudi Arabia, where the species is native
Latin Pronunciation: a-DEE-nee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-DEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Aden, a small country south of Saudi Arabia, where the species is native
Latin Pronunciation: a-DEE-nee-um

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and kalymnos, a Greek mythology figure
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-KAL-lim-nuh

Meaning: Little gland flower
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-uh-THEL-um

Meaning: (for glandular fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-en-oh-karp-us.

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and caulon (stem), referring to the small depression on the stem
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-KAW-lon

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and daphne (a Greek nymph who was turned into a Laurel)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-DAF-nee

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and cheilos (lip)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-KY-lus

Meaning: Long glands
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-dol-EE-kos

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and glossa (tongue)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-GLOSS-uh

Meaning: Glandular or sticky ovary
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-GY-nuh

Meaning: Glandular or sticky ovary
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-GY-num

Meaning: Glandular or sticky ovary
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-GY-nus

Meaning: Glandular lobes
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-LOH-buh

Meaning: Glandular lobes
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-LOH-bum

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and pappus
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-PAP-pus

Meaning: Glandular lobes
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-LOH-bus

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and oncos (swelling); refers to the glandulose callus on the lip base
Latin Pronunciation: ay-den-ON-kos

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and phaedra, (Greek mythology figure, meaning bright)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-FEE-druh

Meaning: From the Greek aden (glandular) and pelte (shield)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-PEL-tiss

Meaning: Bearing or producing glands; often referring to sticky glands
Latin Pronunciation: ad-eh-NO-for-us

Meaning: (for glandular nectary)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-en-oh-foh-ruh
Common Name: Ladybell.

Meaning: Glandular leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-FIL-uh

Meaning: Bearing or producing glands; often referring to sticky glands
Latin Pronunciation: ad-eh-NO-for-um

Meaning: Glandular leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-FIL-um

Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-fill-us
Meaning: sticky-leaved.

Meaning: From the Greek aden (glandular) and podion (foot)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-POH-dee-uh

Meaning: Having sticky pedicles
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-OH-poh-dum

Meaning: Having sticky pedicles
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-OH-poh-duh

Meaning: Having sticky pedicles
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-OH-poh-dus

Meaning: From the Greek aden (glandular) and skiadeion (parasol, umbrella, or canopy)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-sky-AY-dee-um


adenosine triphosphate (abr. ATP)

A phosphorylated nucleoside that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP. An energy-rich phosphorous compound that is important in the transfer of energy in organisms.

Meaning: From the greek aden (gland) and osma (smell, odor, fragrance)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-OS-muh


adenosine diphosphate (abr. ADP)

An ester of adenosine that is reversibly converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group.

Meaning: Glandular crown
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-STEM-muh

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and stoma (mouth), referring to the glands at the opening of the calyx
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-STOH-muh

Meaning: Hairy gland
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-TRY-ka

Meaning: From the Greek aden (gland) and thamnus (shrub)
Latin Pronunciation: a-den-oh-THAM-nus

Meaning: Hairy gland
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-TRY-kum

Meaning: From the Greek a- without and desmos (band, chain; bundle)
Latin Pronunciation: a-DES-mee-a

Meaning: Latinized form of a Sinhalese name of a plant with bitter leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ad-hat-OH-duh


adiabatic

Refers to an event in which heat is neither gained nor lost.


adherent

Joined, but not united.

Meaning: Having leaves like Adiantum (Maiden-hair Fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-tee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Hairy gland
Latin Pronunciation: ad-en-oh-TRY-kus

Meaning: Having leaves like Adiantum (Maiden-hair Fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-tee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Having leaves like Adiantum (Maiden-hair Fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-tee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Resembling Adiantum (genus name for Maiden's Hair fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-tih-FOR-me

Meaning: Resembling Adiantum (genus name for Maiden's Hair fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-tih-FOR-mis

Meaning: From the Latin adiantum (unwetted, referring to the water-repelling leaves) and nigrum (black)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-AN-tum NY-grum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ad-ee-AHN-tum NY-grum

Meaning: Resembles the genus Adiantum (Latin for unwetted, referring to water-repellant petals)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-ant-OP-sis


adjacent

Next to each other, but without touching or overlapping.

Meaning: From the Greek adinos (crowd)
Latin Pronunciation: AD-eye-nuh

Meaning: Resembling Adiantum (Maidenhair Fern)
Latin Pronunciation: ad-ee-an-TOY-deez

Meaning: (unwetted)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-ee-an-tum
Common Name:Maidenhair Fern.

adjustment

Functional, never structural, changes by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment. See also: adaptation.

Meaning: Named for Richard Wills Adlam, 19th century South African plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: ad-LAM-ee-eye

Latin Pronunciation: ad-mir-rab-il-iss
Meaning: noteworthy.

Meaning: Wonderful
Latin Pronunciation: ad-mir-AH-bil-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ad-mir-AH-bil-ay

Meaning: (for American gardener John Adlum)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-loo-mee-uh
Common Name: Climbing Fumitory, Mountain Fringe, Alleghany Vine.

admixture

A material other than water, aggregates, or cement that is used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar to control setting and early hardening, workability, or to provide additional cementing properties.

Meaning: Joined together
Latin Pronunciation: ad-NAY-tum

Meaning: Joined together
Latin Pronunciation: ad-NAY-tuh


adnate

United; fused, as the inferior ovary with the calyx-tube. Adnate anther: one attached for its whole length to the inner or outer face of the filament.


adobe

A fine calcareous clay or silt, often used for construction purposes.

Latin Pronunciation: ad-nay-tus
Meaning: joined to.

Meaning: Named for Adolphe Brongniart, 19th century scientist; a founder of modern paleobotany, he helped prove that pollen existed
Latin Pronunciation: ad-OL-fee-uh

Meaning: Named for Adolphe Brongniart, 19th century French botanist
Latin Pronunciation: ad-OL-fee-eye

Meaning: Diminutive of Adonis (genus name for Pheasant's Eye); the diminutive form was chosen as Adonis had already been used for another genus
Latin Pronunciation: ad-oh-NID-ee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Adonis or pheasant's eye
Latin Pronunciation: ad-on-id-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: (for mythical Adonis)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-doh niss, Ad-don-niss
Common Name: Pheasants-eye.
Meaning: (without-glory)
Latin Pronunciation: Ad-dox-uh
Common Name:Musk-root.

adenosine diphosphate (abr. ADP)

An ester of adenosine that is reversibly converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group.

Meaning: Pressed against, such as scales pressed against a cone or leaves against a stem
Latin Pronunciation: ad-PRESS-uh


adpressed

Pressed flat against another organ.

Meaning: With adpressed (flattened) hairs
Latin Pronunciation: ad-press-SEH-puh-lis

Meaning: Pressed against, such as scales pressed against a cone or leaves against a stem
Latin Pronunciation: ad-PRESS-um

Latin Pronunciation: ad-press-us
Meaning: pressed against.


adsorption

The attachment of molecules or ions to outer surfaces or interfaces. See also: absorption.

Meaning: From the Greek hadros (thick or stout) and mischos (stalk), referring to the short pedicels
Latin Pronunciation: ad-roh-MIS-kus

Meaning: From the Latin adspargo, meaning to scatter, sprinkle
Latin Pronunciation: ad-SPERS-a

Meaning: Thick root
Latin Pronunciation: ad-roh-RY-zon

Latin Pronunciation: ad-sen-denz
Meaning: ascending.

Latin Pronunciation: ad-ser-jenz
Meaning: becoming erect.

Meaning: From the Latin adspargo, meaning to scatter, sprinkle
Latin Pronunciation: ad-SPERS-um

Meaning: From the Latin adspargo, meaning to scatter, sprinkle
Latin Pronunciation: ad-SPERS-us

Meaning: Bent towards or inwards, hooked
Latin Pronunciation: AD-un-kum

Meaning: Bent towards or inwards, hooked
Latin Pronunciation: AD-un-kuh

Meaning: Burnt or blackened
Latin Pronunciation: a-DUS-tuh


adventitious

Describes an organ growing where it is not normally expected, e.g., roots growing from a stem.


advance growth (syn. young growth)

Seedlings and saplings appearing under the canopy ready to fill in forest openings made available by the death of a mature tree from logging, lightning kills, etc.

Latin Pronunciation: ad-unk-us
Meaning: hooked.


adventitious root (syn. stem root)

A root that arises from a stem, rather than from the primary root.


adventive

Describes an exotic species recently introduced to an area or imperfectly naturalized.


adze (alt. adz)

A tool for shaping wood having a curved blade arched downwards and at a right angle to the handle.

Latin Pronunciation: ad-veen-us
Meaning: newly arrived.


adventitious species

An alien or exotic species; an invasive species.


adventive taxa

Organisms that were not native to an area, and have now naturalized.

Meaning: (for pointed calyx)
Latin Pronunciation: Eek-mee-uh.

Meaning: From the Greek aikhme (spear point) and anther
Latin Pronunciation: ek-MAN-ther-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:eek-MAN-ther-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aigilops (a kind of bearded grass)
Latin Pronunciation: AY-gil-ops

Meaning: From the Greek aegi (shield) and ceras (wax)
Latin Pronunciation: ee-gy-SER-as

Meaning: Named for one of the naiads (nymphs in Greek mythology who presided over springs, rivers and lakes)
Latin Pronunciation: AY-glee

Meaning: Resembles Aegle (named for one of the naiads, nymphs in Greek mythology who presided over springs, rivers and lakes)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-glee-OP-sis

Meaning: (goat-foot)
Latin Pronunciation: Ee-go-poh-dee-urn
Common Name: Goutweed.

Meaning: From the Greek aix (goat) and pogon (beard); referring to the fasicles of the awns on the pedicels
Latin Pronunciation: ee-guh-POH-gon

Meaning: Goat horn
Latin Pronunciation: ay-GO-ker-as

Meaning: Egyptian
Latin Pronunciation: ee-jip-TEE-ah-kuh

Meaning: Egyptian
Latin Pronunciation: ee-jip-TEE-ah-kum


aelophilous

Refers to plants which spread seeds or pollen by wind.

Meaning: Egyptian
Latin Pronunciation: ee-jip-TEE-ah-kus

Meaning: Imitating, rivaling
Latin Pronunciation: EM-yoo-lus

Meaning: Imitating, rivaling
Latin Pronunciation: EM-yoo-luh

Meaning: Imitating, rivaling
Latin Pronunciation: EM-yoo-lanz

Meaning: Imitating, rivaling
Latin Pronunciation: EM-yoo-lum

Meaning: Bronze-colored
Latin Pronunciation: EE-nee-um

Meaning: Bronze-colored
Latin Pronunciation: EE-nee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ee-nee-us
Meaning: bronze-colored.


aeolian (alt. eolian)

Refers to the wind, or to soil which has been moved by wind.

Meaning: An ancient name used by Dioscorides for one of the species in the genus
Latin Pronunciation: ee-OH-nee-um

Meaning: Resembling Aeonium, (an ancient name used by Dioscorides for one of the species in that genus)
Latin Pronunciation: ee-oh-nee-OP-sis

Meaning: Equal
Latin Pronunciation: ee-KWA-lee

Meaning: From the Latin, similar or equal
Latin Pronunciation: ee-KWA-liss

Meaning: Of or from the equatorial regions
Latin Pronunciation: eek-wi-tor-ee-AL-lee

Meaning: Of or from the equatorial regions
Latin Pronunciation: eek-wi-tor-ee-AL-lis

Meaning: Even, equal
Latin Pronunciation: ay-QUAT-tuh

Meaning: Even, equal
Latin Pronunciation: ay-QUAT-tum

Meaning: Even, equal
Latin Pronunciation: ay-QUAT-tus

Meaning: Prefix meaning equal
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wi

Meaning: From the Latin aequinoctilis (equinox, equinoctial) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ek-kwin-no-shee-EYE-anth-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ek-kwin-no-tee-EYE-anth-uh

Latin Pronunciation: eek-wee-pet-al-us
Meaning: equal-petaled.

Latin Pronunciation: eek-wee-trye-loh-bus
Meaning: with three equal lobes.

Latin Pronunciation: eek-wee-nok-tee-ay liss
Meaning: pertaining to an equinox.

Meaning: From the Greek aer (air) and aggos or aggeion (a vessel), referring to the epiphytic character of many orchids
Latin Pronunciation: ay-er-RANG-giss

Meaning: From the Greek aer (lofty, air) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-RAN-thos
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ay-er-RAN-thos

Meaning: From the Greek aer (lofty, air) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-RAN-theez
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ay-er-RAN-theez


aerating root

A root structure that rises above ground, usually above water, to allow the plant to absorb air.


aerate

To supply or impregnate with air.


aerenchyma

Tissue with thin walled cells separated by large, gas- filled spaces that facilitates gaseous exchange and maintains buoyancy; typical of aquatic plants.


aeration

The processes by which air and other gases in a medium are exchanged or refreshed.


aerial photograph

A map-like picture taken of the ground from high in the air, showing roads, fields, and other man-made objects as well as natural features such as rivers.


aerial

Refers to any plant part that is above water in aquatic plants; less often used with terrestrial plant parts found above ground.


aerial roots

1. Roots borne wholly above ground, as the attachments of vine forms ofToxicodendron radicans which penetrate tree bark. 2. Rooting shoots of epiphytes.

Meaning: (air-plant)
Latin Pronunciation: Ay-ehr-id-eez.

aerobic (n. aerobe)

Living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.


aerotaxis

An involuntary response of a living thing to a gas, such as a plant curving toward a more concentrated source of carbon dioxide.


aerobiosis

All life that grows in the presence of free oxygen.


aeroplankton

Microorganisms which float in the air, as plankton floats in water.


aerotropism

An organism's growth determined by the presence of oxygen.

Meaning: Blue-green coloured
Latin Pronunciation: air-oo-gin-OH-suh

Meaning: Blue-green colour
Latin Pronunciation: air-oo-gin-ee-um

Meaning: Blue-green colour
Latin Pronunciation: air-oo-GIN-ee-uh

Meaning: Blue-green coloured
Latin Pronunciation: air-oo-gin-OH-sum

Latin Pronunciation: eh-roo-jin-noh-sus
Meaning: rust- colored.

Meaning: From the Greek aischyno (ashamed) and anthos (flowers), referring to the blushing red color of the flowers
Latin Pronunciation: es-kee-NAN-thus

Meaning: Latinized form of the Arabic name for this plant
Latin Pronunciation: AY-er-va

Meaning: From the Greek aeschyn (ugly or causing shame); refers to the leaves closing up
Latin Pronunciation: es-kee-no-MEE-nee

Meaning: Leaves like a Horsechestnut Tree
Latin Pronunciation: es-kew-li-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Leaves like a Horsechestnut Tree
Latin Pronunciation: es-kew-li-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Leaves like a Horsechestnut Tree
Latin Pronunciation: es-kew-li-FOH-lee-um


Latin Pronunciation: Ess-kew-lus
Common Name: Horse-chest-nut, Buckeye.

Meaning: Of summer
Latin Pronunciation: EE-stiv-uh


aestidurilignosa

Woodland with mixed evergreen and deciduous hardwoods.


aestival (alt. estival)

Appearing during the summer season. See also: aspection.


aestivation

1. Estivation. 2. The arrangement of the perianth or their lobes in an unexpanded flower bud. See also: vernation.

Meaning: Of summer
Latin Pronunciation: EE-stiv-um

Meaning: Of the summer; summer flowering
Latin Pronunciation: ee-STIV-ah-lee

Latin Pronunciation: ess-tiv-vay-liss
Meaning: of summer.

Latin Pronunciation: ess-tye-vus
Meaning: of summer.

Meaning: Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-OH-pik-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Eeth - ee - oh - nee - muh
Common Name: Stone-cress.

Meaning: Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-OH-pik-um

Meaning: Variant of aethiopum, Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-OH-pee-um

Meaning: Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-OH-pik-us

Meaning: Africa; the name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-op-iss

Meaning: Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-the-OP-si-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Ethiopia or Africa
Latin Pronunciation: ee-the-OP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek term, meaning burning; refers to its pungency
Latin Pronunciation: e-THU-suh

Meaning: From Africa (especially South Africa); name derived from Aethiops, an African and son of Vulcan, the Greek God of metalworking and fire
Latin Pronunciation: ee-thee-OH-pum

Meaning: Having foliage like Aethusa (genus name meaning burning, in reference to its pungency)
Latin Pronunciation: e-thu-si-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having foliage like Aethusa (genus name meaning burning, in reference to its pungency)
Latin Pronunciation: e-thu-si-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: Having foliage like Aethusa (genus name meaning burning, in reference to its pungency)
Latin Pronunciation: e-thu-si-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Of or from Mt. Etnis
Latin Pronunciation: eet-NEN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:eet-NEN-say

Meaning: Of or from Mt. Etnis
Latin Pronunciation: eet-NEN-sis

Meaning: North Africa
Latin Pronunciation: a-fer

Meaning: Related, similar
Latin Pronunciation: uh-FEE-nee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:af-IN-ee

Latin Pronunciation: af-fye-niss
Meaning: related (to an other species).


affinity

That relationship between organisms which shows they share a common origin; used occasionally to show the similarity among communities.


affixed

Fastened upon.

Meaning: An acronym in honor of Arthur Francis George Kerr, 20th century British plant collector (his initials spell out AFGEK)
Latin Pronunciation: af-JEK-ee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:af-GEE-kee-uh


afforestation

The process of starting a new forest in an area where none existed; to do the same to replace a previous growth is reforestation.

Meaning: Of or from Afghanistan
Latin Pronunciation: af-GAN-ee-kum

Meaning: Of or from Afghanistan
Latin Pronunciation: af-GAN-ee-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Afghanistan
Latin Pronunciation: af-GAN-ee-kus

Meaning: Of or from Aflatun, Asia
Latin Pronunciation: a-flat-un-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Aflatun, Asia
Latin Pronunciation: a-flat-un-EN-sis

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-foh-lee-AY-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-foh-lee-AH-tuh


afoliate

Without leaves.

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-foh-lee-AY-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-foh-lee-AH-tum

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-foh-lee-AY-tus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-foh-lee-AH-tus

Meaning: From or of Africa and Amomum (another genus it resembles)
Latin Pronunciation: af-RA-mom-um

Meaning: Latin name for a female from Africa
Latin Pronunciation: AF-ruh

Meaning: Yellow African
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-uh LOO-tee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Africa
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-uh

Meaning: Yellow African
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-um LOO-tee-um

Meaning: Of or from Africa
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-um

Meaning: Of or from Africa
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-us

Meaning: Yellow African
Latin Pronunciation: af-ri-KAHN-us LOO-tee-us


after-ripening

1. Metabolic changes that must take place in a seed to overcome dormancy. 2. The dormancy period following seed formation, necessary for embryo changes that insure germination.


aftermath

1. A second growth crop, also called a rowen. 2. The outcome, especially of a disaster, as in the aftermath of a forest fire.

Meaning: Remarkable flax
Latin Pronunciation: ag-uh-LIN-us

Meaning: Named for Adam Afzelius, 19th century Swedish botanist
Latin Pronunciation: af-ZEL-ee-uh


agamic

Asexual.

Meaning: From the Greek agalma (glory) and hyle (woods); refers to its showy flowers and woodland habitat
Latin Pronunciation: ag-al-MY-luh


agamogenesis

Asexual reproduction, as by budding, cell division, or parthenogenesis.


agamospecies (alt. agameon, syn. binom)

A group of individuals in which reproduction is almost exclusively by asexual means.


agamospermy

Apogamy where sexual union is not completed, yet the embryo is produced from the inside layer of the female gametophyte.


agamosporous

Having a life cycle in which chromosome segregation and recombination does not take place.


agamous

Without stamens or pistils; neuter, sterile.

Meaning: From the Greek agapetos, meaning beloved, or desirable
Latin Pronunciation: ag-gap-PET-eez

Meaning: (love - flower)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag - ap - p anth-us
Common Name: Lily-of-the-Nile.

agar

A gelatinous substance produced by red algae, often used as a culture medium.


agaric

1. The dried fruiting body of a fungus formerly used in medicine. 2. Any of a family (Agaricaceae) of fungi with the sporophore usually resembling an umbrella and with numerous gills on the underside of the cap.

Meaning: From the Greek agan (numerous) and stachys (spike); refers to the many flower spikes
Latin Pronunciation: ah-guh-STAK-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ah-guh-STAY-kiss

Meaning: From the Greek aganos (gentle) and refers to its neat appearance
Latin Pronunciation: ag-an-IZ-ee-uh

Meaning: Many ears of corn, referring to form of flower spikes
Latin Pronunciation: ah-gas-TAH-kee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ah-GAH-sta-kee

Meaning: Name used by Cassini in the early 1800s for this genus of Asteraceae found in South Africa; sometimes spelled agathea
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ATH-ay-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ag-ath-AY-ee-uh

Meaning: Variant of Agathaea, the name used by Cassini in the early 1800s for this genus of Asteraceae found in South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ATH-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek agathos (good) and elpis (hope), referring to its native area on the Cape of Good Hope, Africa
Latin Pronunciation: a-gath-elp-iss

Meaning: From the Greek agathos (good) and osme (fragrance); refers to the pleasant smell
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ath-OHS-muh

Meaning: (ball of thread
Common Name: for clustered flowers)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag-ath-iss
Common Name: Dammar-pine.

Meaning: The Agave family (from the Greek word for noble)
Latin Pronunciation: ah-gav-AY-see-ay

Meaning: (admirable)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag-gay-vee.

Meaning: Agave-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: a-gah-vee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Agave-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: a-gah-vee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Agave-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: a-gah-vee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: named for Agdistis, Phyrgian goddess in Greek; she was hermaphroditic as is this plant
Latin Pronunciation: ag-DES-tis

Latin Pronunciation: ag-av-voy-deez
Meaning: Agave-like.

Meaning: Having leaves like Ageratum
Latin Pronunciation: ad-jur-rat-ih-FOH-lee-uh


ageotropic (alt. apogeotropic)

Said of parts that would be expected to grow as gravity pulls, but instead grow upward, such as the knee roots of cypress,Taxodium spp./I>.

Meaning: Dimunitive of Ageratum genus
Latin Pronunciation: ad-jur-uh-TY-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ad-jur-uh-TEE-nuh

Latin Pronunciation: aj-er-at-toy-deez
Meaning: Ageratum-like.

Meaning: (not-growing-old)
Latin Pronunciation: Aj-erray-tum.

age and area

The hypothesis that the larger the area covered by a species, the older that species is.


age class (syn. even aged)

Refers to a stand in which all the trees or other perennials started growth in the same regeneration period. See also: monoculture.


age distribution

The classification of groups within a community according to age or certain periods such as prereproductive, reproductive, postreproductive.


agglomerate

Together in a head, as the florets of red clover,Trifolium pratense; clustered.


agglutinate

Stuck together, as in pollen masses of orchids.

Meaning: Stuck together
Latin Pronunciation: a-gloo-tin-AY-tuh

Meaning: Stuck together
Latin Pronunciation: a-gloo-tin-AY-tum


aggradation

The gradual filling of depressions in the earth's surface by soil deposition, such as the deposition at a lake's bottom; or the opposite, the wearing away of mountain tops, reaching toward a level surface.

Meaning: Stuck together
Latin Pronunciation: a-gloo-tin-AY-tus

Meaning: Clustered
Latin Pronunciation: ag-GRE-gat-uh


aggregate

1. Clustered. In mosses, applied to two or more sporophytes from one perichaetium. 2. Composed of mineral crystals of one or more kinds or of rock fragments. 3. A material such as sand or gravel mixed with a binder, such as cement, to produce mortars and concrete. 4. A group of closely-related species.


aggregate flowers

Crowded into dense clusters or tufts, as in Scabiosa atropurpurea.


aggregate fruit

Describes a fruit, such as a raspberry, which consists of a fused cluster of several fruits, each one formed from an individual ovary. See also: syncarp.


aggregate species

A group of species that are so closely related that they are regarded as a single species.


aggregation

The coming together of organisms into a group, such as seedlings growing near the base of a parent tree. See also: community.

Latin Pronunciation: ag-reg-gay-tus
Meaning: clustered.

Meaning: Clustered
Latin Pronunciation: ag-GRE-gat-um


aging

When said of a lake, refers to the enrichment of waters, rapid growth of aquatic plants, and sedimentation which accelerate the death of a lake.

Meaning: Named for Jacob Georg Agardh, 19th century Swedish botanist
Latin Pronunciation: ag-HARD-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for one of hte the three Graces; the goddess of fertility or charm
Latin Pronunciation: ah-GLAY-uh

Meaning: From the Greek aglaos (bright, pleasing) and odor (sweet smelling or ill smelling)
Latin Pronunciation: ag-lay-oh-DOR-um

Meaning: (bright-thread)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag-lay oh-nee-muh.

Meaning: From the Greek aglaos (bright, pleasing) and morphe (shape)
Latin Pronunciation: ag-lay-oh-MOR-fuh

Meaning: Chaste chaste
Latin Pronunciation: AG-nuh KAS-tuh

Meaning: From the Latin agnatae, meaning related on the paternal (father's) side; referring to a complicated taxonomic relationship
Latin Pronunciation: ag-NAY-tuh

Meaning: From the Latin agnatae, meaning related on the paternal (father's) side; referring to a complicated taxonomic relationship
Latin Pronunciation: ag-NAY-tum

Meaning: From the Latin agnatae, meaning related on the paternal (father's) side; referring to a complicated taxonomic relationship
Latin Pronunciation: ag-NAY-tus

Meaning: Named for Agnes Roggen, the wife of P.A. Roggen
Latin Pronunciation: ag-NET-ay-ee

Meaning: Chaste lamb
Latin Pronunciation: AG-nus KAS-tus

Meaning: Chaste chaste
Latin Pronunciation: AG-num KAS-tum


agonistic behavior (alt. agonistic behaviour)

Aggressive or defensive actions, such as fleeing or fighting, brought on by the interaction between individuals usually of the same species.

Meaning: From the Greek aego (goat) and seris (genus name for a lettuce-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: a-go-SER-iss

Latin Pronunciation: ag-ray-ree-us
Meaning: of the fields.

Meaning: From the Greek agon (gathering or cluster), referring to the multitude of seeds
Latin Pronunciation: AG-on-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-GO-niss


agrarian zone

That portion of a jurisdiction that can be or is farmed.

Meaning: Of or belonging to fields
Latin Pronunciation: ag-RES-tee


agrestal

Growing wild; especially weed plants growing on farms.


agrestic

Rural; rustic.

Meaning: Rough-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: ag-rih-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ag-ress-tiss
Meaning: of the fields.

Meaning: Rough-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: ag-rih-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: ag-rif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: rough or scabby-leaved.


Latin Pronunciation: Ag-rim-moh-nee-uh
Common Name: Agrimony.

Meaning: Named after Agrippina, the mother of the Emperor Nero
Latin Pronunciation: ag-rip-ee-num


agrobiology

The study of plant nutrition and crop production in relation to soil control.


agroforestry

Land management for the simultaneous production of crops and trees.


agronomy (adj. agronomic)

The theory and practice of soil management and field crop production.


agrophilous

Refers to organisms which grow best in cultivated fields or other manmade areas.


agrology (syn. edaphology)

The study of soils.

Meaning: From the Greek agros (field) and puros (wheat)
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ro-PY-ron

Meaning: Resembles Agropyron (genus name from the Greek agros, field and puros, wheat)
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ro-py-ROP-sis

Meaning: (field, as to habitat)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag-ross-tiss
Common Name: Bent-grass.
Meaning: (field-garland)
Latin Pronunciation: Ag-ros-stem-uh
Common Name:Meaning: (See Lychnis)

Meaning: From Greek agrostis (grass) and krinon (lily), in reference to the grass like appearance when not in flower
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ross-toh-KREE-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ag-ross-toh-KRY-num

Meaning: From the Greek agros (grass) and stachys (spike)
Latin Pronunciation: ag-ross-tih-STAK-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ag-ross-tih-STAY-kiss


agrostology

The branch of systematic botany which encompasses grasses; graminae.

Meaning: From the Greek agros (field) and phyllum (leaf), referring to grass-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ag-roh-STOH-fill-um

Meaning: Of or from Al Ahmar, Yemen
Latin Pronunciation: ah-mar-EN-sis


aianthous

Flowers all year; semperflorus.

Meaning: From the Greek ai (always) and chrysos (gold) and referring to the flower color
Latin Pronunciation: eye-KRIS-on

Meaning: Resembles Ailanthus (genus name from the Moluccan name ailanto meaning sky tree; tree of heaven)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-lanth-OY-deez


Latin Pronunciation: Ay - lanth - us
Common Name: Tree of Heaven.

Meaning: Jagged, referring to the end of the leaves
Latin Pronunciation: EYE-fa-neez

Meaning: Named for Sir Whitelaw Ainslie, a 19th century doctor and author employed in India
Latin Pronunciation: AYNS-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: am-mab-il-iss
Meaning: lovely.


aiphyllus

Evergreen.

Meaning: From an ancient Greek name for a species of Lolium
Latin Pronunciation: AIR-uh

Latin Pronunciation: af-rik-kay-nus
Meaning: African.

Meaning: Like Aira (which is from the ancient Greek name for yet another genus)
Latin Pronunciation: air-OY-deez

Meaning: Resembles Aira (which is from the ancient Greek name for yet another genus)
Latin Pronunciation: air-OP-sis


air layering (alt. air-layering, syn. Chinese layering, syn. gootee, syn. marcotting)

A method of propagation where a cut is made in a woody stem and surrounded by damp peat moss held in place by a wrap. When roots form, the stem can be removed and planted.


air mining

Processing air to recover minerals in suspension or solution.

Meaning: Named for William Aiton, 18th century Scottish horticulturist and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: AY-ton-ee-eye

Meaning: Family name, meaning evergreen
Latin Pronunciation: ay-zoh-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Evergreen
Latin Pronunciation: AY-zoh-uh

Meaning: Named for Ajax, a Greek hero in the war with Troy
Latin Pronunciation: a-JAY-sis
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-JAY-kis

Meaning: Evergreen
Latin Pronunciation: AY-zoon

Latin Pronunciation: ay-zoy-deez
Meaning: Aizeon-like (evergreen or tenacious).

Meaning: Of or from Ajan, Eastern Siberia
Latin Pronunciation: a-JAN-ee-uh

Meaning: (not-yoked, as to calyx)
Latin Pronunciation: Aj-yew-guh
Common Name: Bugleweed.

Meaning: Resembles Ajania (of or from Ajan, Eastern Siberia)
Latin Pronunciation: a-jan-ee-OP-sis

Meaning: Resembles Ajuga (from the Greek a- without and jugum, yoke)
Latin Pronunciation: a-joo-GOY-deez


Latin Pronunciation: Ak-kee-bee-uh.

Meaning: Of or from Akaroa, New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: a-ka-RO-uh


akene

A dry, one- seeded indehiscent fruit, with the pericarp fitting closely around the seed.


ala (pl. alae)

Wing; in ferns, the narrow membrane laterally bordering a stipe, rachis, or costa.

Meaning: Of or from Alabama (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: al-uh-bam-EN-sis
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-uh-bam-EN-say

Meaning: Referring to Alabama (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: al-a-BAM-ih-ka

Meaning: Of or from Alabama (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: al-uh-bam-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-uh-bam-EN-say

Meaning: Named for Lucas Alam?n, 19th century Mexican statesman
Latin Pronunciation: al-ah-man-ee-uh

Meaning: The Latinized form of alangi, the Malabar name for this plant
Latin Pronunciation: al-LAN-jee-um

Meaning: Referring to Alabama (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: al-a-BAM-ih-kum


alar

Describes the cells at the basal angles of the leaf, commonly different from the cells of the main part of the leaf, being shorter and often nearly square, or inflated and hyaline, and often highly colored.

Meaning: Of or from Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAS-ka-na

Meaning: Of or from Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAS-ka-num

Meaning: Winged
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Of or from Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAS-ka-nus

Meaning: Named for the Altamaha River in the southern U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: uh-lah-tah-MAH-hah


alate (syn. aliferous)

Winged.

Meaning: Latin name of an uncertain shrub (Linnaeus used it for a species of Buckthorn)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-LAH-ter-num

Meaning: Latin name of an uncertain shrub (Linnaeus used it for a species of Buckthorn)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-LAH-ter-nee

Meaning: Latin name of an uncertain shrub (Linnaeus used it for a species of Buckthorn)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-LAH-ter-nus

Meaning: A cross between alato (winged) and caerulea (dark blue); also spelled without the hyphen as alatocaerulea
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAY-to see-ROO-lee-uh

Meaning: Alato (winged) and caerulea (dark blue)
Latin Pronunciation: a-lay-to-see-ROO-lee-uh

Meaning: Alato (winged) and caerulea (dark blue)
Latin Pronunciation: a-lay-to-see-ROO-lee-us

Meaning: Alato (winged) and caerulea (dark blue)
Latin Pronunciation: a-lay-to-see-ROO-lee-um

Meaning: Winged
Latin Pronunciation: a-LAY-tum

Latin Pronunciation: al-lay-tus
Meaning: winged.

Meaning: From the Latin albare, to make white
Latin Pronunciation: al-BAY-tuh

Meaning: White
Latin Pronunciation: AL-buh

Meaning: From the Latin albare, to make white
Latin Pronunciation: al-BAY-tum


albedo

The proportion of incident radiation, usually light, that is reflected by a body such as a cloud.

Meaning: From the Latin albare, to make white
Latin Pronunciation: al-BAY-tus

Meaning: Named for Albert von Regel, 19th century botanist and explorer in Central Asia
Latin Pronunciation: al-BER-tuh

Meaning: Named for Luigi d'Albertis, a 19th century Genoese naturalist who explored the forests of what is now Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: al-ber-tis-ee-AY-nus

Latin Pronunciation: al-bess-senz
Meaning: whitish, becoming white.

Meaning: Named for Albert von Regel, 19th century botanist and explorer in Central Asia
Latin Pronunciation: al-BER-tee


albescense (adj. albescent)

The act of turning white; whitish.

Latin Pronunciation: al-bip-pleen-us
Meaning: double white-flowered.

Latin Pronunciation: al-bik-kanz
Meaning: whitish.

Meaning: With white stems
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-KAW-lee

Latin Pronunciation: al-bik-kaw-liss
Meaning: white- stemmed.

Meaning: White-headed
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bih-seps

Meaning: With white hair
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-KOH-ma

Meaning: With white hair
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-KOH-mum

Meaning: With white hair
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-KOH-mus

Meaning: White-ish
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bi-da

Meaning: White-ish
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bi-dum

Meaning: White flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-BIH-flor-uh

Latin Pronunciation: al-bif-f/oh-rus
Meaning: white-flowered.

Latin Pronunciation: al-bid-us
Meaning: white.

Meaning: White flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-BIH-flor-um


albino

A flower that lacks normal color; white.

Latin Pronunciation: a/-bif-fronz
Meaning: white-fronded, white-foliaged.

Meaning: White flower
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bih-flos

Meaning: Hairy white
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-pil-OH-sum

Meaning: Hairy white
Latin Pronunciation: al-bee-pil-OH-sa

Meaning: White bristled
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-SET-us

Meaning: Having a whitish spathe
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-SPAY-tha

Meaning: Having a whitish spathe
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-SPAY-thum

Latin Pronunciation: al-bis-spye-nus
Meaning: whitespined.

Meaning: Having a whitish spathe
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-SPAY-thus

Meaning: White-veined
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-VEN-ee-us

Meaning: White-veined
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-VEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Filipo del Albizzi, 18th century Florentine nobleman who introduced A. julibrissin into cultivation
Latin Pronunciation: al-BIZ-ee-uh

Meaning: White-veined
Latin Pronunciation: al-bih-VEN-ee-um

Meaning: Latin form of an Arabic name
Latin Pronunciation: al-BIZ-ee-um

Meaning: Latin form of an Arabic name
Latin Pronunciation: al-BIZ-ee-us

Meaning: (for an Italian family, the Albizzi)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-biz-ee-uh.

Meaning: Prefix meaning white
Latin Pronunciation: al-bow

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-vay-ree-eg gay-tus
Meaning: with white markings.

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-sink-tus
Meaning: white- girdled.

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-pieen-oh
Meaning: white and double-flowered.

Meaning: Whitish-lavender
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ly-lass-EE-num

Meaning: Whitish-lavender
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ly-lass-EE-nus

Meaning: Whitish-lavender
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ly-lass-EE-na

Meaning: White lined
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-lin-ee-AY-tuh

Meaning: White lined
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-lin-ee-AY-tum

Meaning: White spotted
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-mak-yoo-LAY-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-mak-yew-laytus
Meaning: white-spotted.

Meaning: White spotted
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-mak-yoo-LAY-tum

Meaning: White spotted
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-mak-yoo-LAY-tus

Meaning: White margins, edges
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bow-mar-gin-AY-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-mar-jin-nay tus
Meaning: white-margined.

Meaning: White margins, edges
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bow-mar-gin-AY-tum

Meaning: From the Greek albo (white) and picta (painted); white-painted
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-PIK-ta

Meaning: From the Greek albo (white) and picta (painted); white-painted
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-PIK-tum

Meaning: White hairs
Latin Pronunciation: al-bow-pil-OH-suh

Meaning: White hairs
Latin Pronunciation: al-bow-pil-OH-sum

Meaning: White hairs
Latin Pronunciation: al-bow-pil-OH-sus

Meaning: Double white
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-PLEN-um

Meaning: Double white
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-PLEN-uh

Meaning: White-rose
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ROH-see-uh

Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-spye-kus
Meaning: white- spiked.

Meaning: White striped
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-stry-AY-tuh

Meaning: White-rose
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ROH-see-us

Meaning: White-rose
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-ROH-see-um

Meaning: Wide white stripe
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-vy-TAY-tuh

Meaning: Whitish-violet coloured
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-vy-oh-LAH-see-um

Meaning: White
Latin Pronunciation: AL-buh-kuh

Meaning: Whitish-violet coloured
Latin Pronunciation: al-boh-vy-oh-LAH-see-a

Meaning: Somewhat white
Latin Pronunciation: al-BEW-luh

Meaning: Somewhat white
Latin Pronunciation: al-BEW-lum

Meaning: White
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bum

Latin Pronunciation: al-bew-lus
Meaning: whitish. albus

Latin Pronunciation: al-bus
Meaning: white.


albumen

Starchy and other nutritive material in a seed, stored as endosperm inside the embryo sac, or as perisperm in the surrounding nucellar cells; any deposit of nutritive material accompanying the embryo.

Meaning: White
Latin Pronunciation: AL-bus


albuminous

Having albumen.


albuminous cell

A gymnosperm phloem parenchyma cell closely associated with an adjacent sieve cell.

Meaning: Resembles Alcaea (variant spelling of Alcea, a member of the mallow family)
Latin Pronunciation: al-see-OY-deez

Meaning: Mallow
Latin Pronunciation: al-KEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-SEE-uh

Meaning: Named for Prince Pedro of Alcantara, early 20th century Emperor of Brazil
Latin Pronunciation: al-kan-TAR-ee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Alcea (genus name meaning to cure)
Latin Pronunciation: al-see-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Named for Stanesby Alchorne, 18th century British plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: al-KOR-nee-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Al-kem-mill-uh
Common Name: Ladys-mantle.

Meaning: Resembles Alchornea (named for Stanesby Alchorne, an 18th century British plant collector)
Latin Pronunciation: al-kor-nee-OP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek lektron (rooster; that which gets you out of bed); name of a figure in Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEK-tree-on

Meaning: Of or from Aleppo, in northwestern Syria near the Mediterranean Sea
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEP-ee-kuh

Meaning: Named for Ulisse Aldrovandi, 16th century Italian botanist
Latin Pronunciation: al-dro-VAN-duh

Meaning: Of or from Aleppo, in northwestern Syria near the Mediterranean Sea
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEP-ee-kum

Meaning: Of or from Aleppo, in northwestern Syria near the Mediterranean Sea
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEP-ee-kus


aletophyte

A plant growing in a mesic habitat.

Meaning: From the Greek aleuron (wheat flour), referring to the powdered appearance of the new growth
Latin Pronunciation: al-yoor-RY-teez


Latin Pronunciation: Al-et-riss
Common Name: Star-grass.

Meaning: Resembles Aletris (genus name meaning to grind)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-let-ree-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek Aleurite (the genus) and pteris (fern)
Latin Pronunciation: al-yoor-ry-TOP-ter-riss

Meaning: Of or from the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEW-tih-kuh

Meaning: Of orfrom the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEW-tih-kus

Meaning: Of or from the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: a-LEW-tih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: al-ex-an-drye-nus
Meaning: of Alexandria (Egypt).


alga (pl. algae)

A general name for the single- celled plant plankton, seaweeds, and their freshwater allies.


algae bloom

Rapid growth and death of aquatic plants, especially during hot weather in highly nutritious water.


alga (pl. algae)

A general name for the single- celled plant plankton, seaweeds, and their freshwater allies.

Meaning: Of or from Algeria (North Africa)
Latin Pronunciation: al-jir-ee-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Algeria (North Africa)
Latin Pronunciation: al-jir-ee-EN-sis


algal layer

A thin layer of green or blue-green algae lying just beneath the cortex of a lichen.

Meaning: Cold; may also mean golden
Latin Pronunciation: AL-gee-duh

Meaning: Cold; may also mean golden
Latin Pronunciation: AL-gee-dum


algoid

Resembling algae.

Meaning: Cold; may also mean golden
Latin Pronunciation: AL-gee-dus


algology

The study of algae.


algin

A gelatinous substance produced by brown algae, used in food and pharmaceutical preparations.

Meaning: From the Arabic name for pilgrim
Latin Pronunciation: AL-hag-ee

Meaning: Named for Do?a Alicia, former first lady of Philippine
Latin Pronunciation: al-LEE-see-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-LISS-ee-uh

Meaning: An intergeneric cross of Brassia (for William Brass, botanist), Miltonia (for Viscount Milton), and Oncidium (diminutive of the Greek onkos, a tumor)
Latin Pronunciation: al-iss-ee-AR-uh


alien

An exotic; an introduced plant which has naturalized.

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning stranger, exile, unrelated
Latin Pronunciation: a-LY-en-uh

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning stranger, exile, unrelated
Latin Pronunciation: a-LY-en-um

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning stranger, exile, unrelated
Latin Pronunciation: a-LY-en-us

Meaning: Winged leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-FOH-lee-uh


aliferous

Winged.

Meaning: Winged leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Winged leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Winged
Latin Pronunciation: a-LIG-er-um

Meaning: Winged
Latin Pronunciation: a-LIG-er-uh


aliquote

The constant of temperature required for the development of a certain stage in the life cycle of an organism. See also: temperature summation.


Latin Pronunciation: Al-liz-muh
Common Name: Water-plantain.

Meaning: With leaves like Alisma
Latin Pronunciation: uh-lis-mat-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With leaves like Alisma
Latin Pronunciation: uh-lis-mat-ih-FOH-lee-us


alkali

A soluble salt obtained from the ashes of plants and consisting largely of potassium or sodium carbonate, e.g., a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal, having marked basic properties. 2. Alkali metal. 3. A soluble salt or a mixture of soluble salts present in some soils of arid regions in a quantity that is detrimental to agriculture.


alkaline soil (alt. alkali soil, syn. basic soil)

Soil with a pH level above 7; also called sweet.


alkaline (adj. alkalinity)

1. Of, relating to, containing, or having the properties of an alkali or alkali metal. 2 A base; having a pH of more than 7.


alkaline (adj. alkalinity)

1. Of, relating to, containing, or having the properties of an alkali or alkali metal. 2 A base; having a pH of more than 7.


alkaliphile (alt. alkalophile, syn. basophile, adj. alkaliphilic)

An organism that prefers, or can tolerate, alkaline conditions, typically in the range of pH 8-11. See also: acidophile.


alkali reserve

The total amount of dissolved substances predisposed to maintain the normal alkalinity of a body of water or an organism's internal body fluids.


alkali sink

A land basin in which water evaporation produces high salt concentrations that may, or may not, support salt marsh vegetation.


alkaline soil (alt. alkali soil, syn. basic soil)

Soil with a pH level above 7; also called sweet.

Meaning: Bladder cherry
Latin Pronunciation: al-KEK-en-jee

Meaning: The Latininized form of the Arabic al-hinna; from which henna is extracted
Latin Pronunciation: al-KAN-nuh

Meaning: Bladder cherry
Latin Pronunciation: al-KEK-en-jee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek allos (diverse) and pteron (wing); refers to the plumosely arranged leaflets along the rachis
Latin Pronunciation: al-luh-GOP-ter-ruh


allagostemonous

A flower having stamens attached to both the petal and receptacle.


Latin Pronunciation: Al-lam-mand-uh. Allium
Latin Pronunciation: Al-lee-urn.

Meaning: From the Greek allos (different, other) and pappos (pappus)
Latin Pronunciation: al-luh-go-PAP-pus

Meaning: Possibly diminutive of the Greek allant (sausage)
Latin Pronunciation: al-lan-TOH-dee-uh

Meaning: Named for Dr. Allamand of Leyden whosent seeds of the plant to Linnaeus
Latin Pronunciation: al-uh-MAN-duh

Meaning: Sausage seed
Latin Pronunciation: al-lan-toh-SPER-mum

Meaning: (for Swiss scientist, J. N. S.

allantoid

Sausage-shaped.


allee

A walkway lined with trees or tall shrubs.

Meaning: Of or form the Allegheny (or Alleghany) Mountains in the Eastern U.S. also spelled allegheniense
Latin Pronunciation: al-leh-gay-nee-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-leh-gay-nee-EN-say

Meaning: Of or form the Allegheny (or Alleghany) Mountains in the Eastern U.S. also spelled allegheniensis
Latin Pronunciation: al-leh-gay-nee-EN-sis

Meaning: Of or form the Allegheny (or Alleghany) Mountains in the Eastern U.S. also spelled alleghaniense
Latin Pronunciation: al-leh-gay-nee-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-leh-gay-nee-EN-say

Meaning: Of or form the Allegheny (or Alleghany) Mountains in the Eastern U.S. also spelled alleghaniensis
Latin Pronunciation: al-leh-gay-nee-EN-sis


allele (alt. allelomorph, syn. dominant character)

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus, one provided by each parent and determining charateristics such as eye color.

Meaning: Named for Paul Hamilton Allen, 20th century botanist and plantsman
Latin Pronunciation: al-LEN-ee-eye


allelopathy (adj. allelopathic)

The inhibition of growth of one plant species by another due to the release of chemical substances.


allergen (adj. allergenic)

A substance which induces allergic symptoms like rash, inflammation, etc.

Meaning: Named for Robert Allen Rolfe, 20th century English botanist and the first orchid taxonomist at Kew Gardens
Latin Pronunciation: al-len-ROLF-ee-uh


allergy

Sensitivity resulting in reactions such as rash, inflammation, etc., when exposed to an allergen, e.g., pollen, strawberries, etc.


alley

A garden or park walk bordered by trees, shrubs, or flower beds.

Meaning: Like Allium (onion genus)
Latin Pronunciation: al-lee-AY-see-uh


alliaceous

Having the smell or taste of garlic.

Meaning: Like Allium (onion genus)
Latin Pronunciation: al-lee-AY-see-um

Latin Pronunciation: al-lee-ay-see-us
Meaning: Allium-like.


alliance

A group of plant associations classed together on the basis of similarities in floristic and sociological characters.

Meaning: Of the Allium family
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-AR-ee-uh

Meaning: Allium-like flower stems
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-ar-ee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Allium-like flower stems
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-ar-ee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Allium-like flower stems
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-ar-ee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Diminutive form of the genus Allionia
Latin Pronunciation: al-lee-oh-nee-EL-uh

Meaning: Like the genus Allium
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-OY-deez

Meaning: Named for Charles Allioni, 18th century professor of botany at Turin & contemporary of Linnaeus
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-OH-nee-eye


Latin Pronunciation: Al-lee-oh-nee-uh
Common Name: Umbrella- wort.

Meaning: Named for Charles Allioni, 18th century professor of botany at Turin & contemporary of Linnaeus
Latin Pronunciation: al-ee-OH-nee-us

Meaning: Latin name for garlic
Latin Pronunciation: AL-ee-um

Meaning: From the Greek allos (other, different) and Casuarina (the genus)
Latin Pronunciation: al-low-kazh-yoo-ar-EYE-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-low-kazh-yoo-ar-EE-nuh

Meaning: Different lip
Latin Pronunciation: al-loh-KY-los


allochoric

Refers to a species occurring in two or more similar communities in the same region.


allogamy

Reproducing by cross-fertilization.


allochthonous

Originating from outside a system, such as the leaves of terrestrial plants that fall into a stream. See also: autochthonous.


allogenic succession

The replacement of one kind of community with another because of a change in the environment which was not produced by the plants themselves, e.g., a decrease in soil moisture.


allohexaploid

Having sex genomes with one or more sets derived from a species different from the other sets.


allopatric

Refers to two or more species having nonoverlapping ranges of distribution. See also: sympatric.


allopelagic

Refers to any organism occurring at any depth of the ocean.

Meaning: From the Greek alloi (different type, kin) and spermum (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: al-loy-SPER-mum

Meaning: From the Greek allos (diverse) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: al-low-FIL-lum


allopolyploid

A polyploid individual or strain having a chromosome set composed of two or more chromosome sets derived more or less complete from different species.

Meaning: From the Greek allos (diverse) and pleco (to plait); the calyx segments overlap
Latin Pronunciation: al-loh-PLEK-tus

Meaning: From the Greek allos (diverse) and Schmid (it is unclear to whom the reference is made)
Latin Pronunciation: al-loh-SHMID-ee-uh


allotetraploid

Having four genomes with two sets (rarely one) coming from a different species than the others.

Meaning: Different stigma
Latin Pronunciation: al-loh-STIG-muh

Meaning: From the Greek allo (strange, different) and xylon (wood)
Latin Pronunciation: al-loh-ZY-lon

Meaning: Named for Francois Alluaud, 19th century French politician
Latin Pronunciation: al-loo-WAH-dee-uh


allotrophic

Refers to lakes or ponds which receive organic materials from the surrounding land by washing.


alluvial

Describes something related to, or caused by, a river or stream, such as alluvial deposits.

Meaning: Resembles Alluaudia (named for Francois Alluaud, 19th century French politician)
Latin Pronunciation: al-loo-wah-dee-OP-sis


alluvion

Detritus and sediments deposited by streams or the action of waves and currents in larger bodies of water; this contributes to the gradual addition of land and loss of lake or wetland.


alluvial fan

A delta at the mouth of a stream or river formed by the depositing of transported materials when the flow lessens.


alluvial soil

Soil deposits at the mouth of a stream or river, characterized by little or no modification of the original transported material by soil-forming processes.


alluvium

Sediments which were transported by a stream or river, then deposited when the stream flow lessened. See also: alluvion.

Meaning: Self-named for Montagu Allwood, a famous breeder of Dianthus
Latin Pronunciation: al-WOOD-ee-eye


alm

A high mountain meadow, either alpine or subalpine.

Meaning: Nourishing
Latin Pronunciation: AL-ma


almanac

Calendar to which astronomical data and various statistics are added.

Meaning: Nourishing
Latin Pronunciation: AL-mum

Meaning: Nourishing
Latin Pronunciation: AL-mus

Meaning: Alder leaf
Latin Pronunciation: al-nee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Alder leaf
Latin Pronunciation: al-nee-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: al-nif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: with Alder(Alnus)-like leaves.

Meaning: Having leaves like Alnus (Alder genus)
Latin Pronunciation: al-ny-FIL-lum


Latin Pronunciation: Al-oh-kay-zee-uh.
Meaning: (the classical name)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-nus
Common Name: Alder.

Latin Pronunciation: al-loy-deez
Meaning: Aloe-like.


Latin Pronunciation: Al-loh-ee.

Meaning: Having aloe-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-oh-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having aloe-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-oh-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having aloe-like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-oh-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Aloe-like
Latin Pronunciation: al-low-in-OP-sis

Meaning: (for Spaniard Alonzo Zanoni)
Latin Pronunciation:

Meaning: Named for Alonso Garc?a Luna, who discovered the plant as a young boy accompanying Charles Glass in Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: al-ON-so-eye

Meaning: Resembles Aloe (genus name from the Arabic alloeh)
Latin Pronunciation: al-oh-OY-deez

Meaning: Like the genus Alopecurus
Latin Pronunciation: al-oh-pek-yur-OY-deez

Meaning: (fox-tail)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-oh-pee-kew-rus
Common Name: Meadow-foxtail.

Meaning: Without a crest
Latin Pronunciation: a-LOW-fee-uh

Meaning: Named in honor of Maria Louisa Teresa, 18th-century princess of Parma and wife of King Carlos IV of Spain
Latin Pronunciation: al-uh-WIZH-ee-uh

Meaning: Lemon fragrance (Aloysia triphyllum is the botanical name for lemon verbena); odorum means scented or fragrant
Latin Pronunciation: al-uh-wizh-ee-oh-dor-um

Meaning: From lower mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-PES-tree


alpage

An upland pasture consisting of natural plants which are used for grazing animals at the height of summer.

Meaning: From the Greek alphiton (barley meal) and refers to the dry, mealy quality of the mesocarp in the fruits
Latin Pronunciation: al-fit-OH-nee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: al-pest-riss
Meaning: Alpine (or nearly so).

Meaning: Lives in high mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-PEE-kol-uh


alpine

1. A plant native to a mountainous region. 2. Refers to the area of a mountain above the tree line, or to organisms which grow there.

Meaning: Lives in high mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-PEE-kol-ee

Meaning: Of or from the Alps mountains or other alpine settings
Latin Pronunciation: AL-pin-a
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-PINE-a

Meaning: (for Italian botanist Prosper Alpinus)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-pin-ee-uh.

Meaning: Alpine
Latin Pronunciation: AL-pin-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-PINE-um

Latin Pronunciation: al-pye-nus
Meaning: alpine (above timber-line).

Meaning: From the Greek alsos (grove) and euosmos (fragrant); refers to the strong smelling flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-syoo-OHS-mee-uh

Meaning: Derivation is obscure
Latin Pronunciation: AL-sigh-nee

Meaning: Named for Albert C. Smith, a Pacific botanist
Latin Pronunciation: al-SMITH-ee-uh

Meaning: (grove-loving)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-soff-il uh
Common Name: Tree-fern.

Meaning: Named for Dr. Charles Alston, 18th century Scottish Professor of Botany at Edinburgh
Latin Pronunciation: al-STON-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Dr. Charles Alston, 18th century Scottish Professor of Botany at Edinburgh
Latin Pronunciation: al-STON-ee-uh

Meaning: (for Baron Alstroemer)
Latin Pronunciation: Al-strem-meer-ee-uh
Common Name: Alstremeria.

Meaning: Tall
Latin Pronunciation: AL-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AHL-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: al-tay-ik-us
Meaning: of the Altai mountains.

Meaning: Siberia
Latin Pronunciation: al-TAY-ka

Meaning: Named for the Baron von Stein of Altenstein
Latin Pronunciation: al-ten-STINE-nee-uh


alteratives

Herbal medicines which can work a gradual change in the system.

Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-anz
Meaning: alternating.

Meaning: (alternate-flowers)
Latin Pronunciation: Al ter-nanth-er-uh.

Meaning: Alternating anther
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-NANTH-ur-um

Meaning: Alternating anther
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-NANTH-ur-us

Meaning: Alternating, alternate
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-NAY-tuh


alternation of generations

The complete life cycle of plants with very different sexual and asexual phases, such as the succession of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes found in ferns, Pteridophyta.

Meaning: Alternating, alternate
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-NAY-tum


alternate

Describes leaves that are not opposite to each other on the axis, but arranged singly at different heights.

Meaning: Alternating, alternate
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-NAY-tus

Meaning: Alternating spirals
Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-ni-ser-ROH-sum


alternes

Two or more types of communities alternating with each other in a more or less restricted area.

Meaning: Alternating flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-ih-FLOR-uh

Meaning: Alternating flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-ih-FLOR-um

Meaning: Alternating flowers
Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-ih-FLOR-us

Meaning: Alternate leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-ee-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: al-ter-nif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: with alternate leaves.

Meaning: Alternate leaves
Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-ee-FOH-lee-um


alternitepalous

Describes floral parts, inserted alternately with the tepals.

Latin Pronunciation: al-tern-us
Meaning: alternate.

Meaning: Having leaves like Althaea (Hollyhock genus, from the Greek althaino, to cure)
Latin Pronunciation: al-thay-uh-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: From Greek althaia, cure; something that heals
Latin Pronunciation: AL-thay-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AL-thee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Althaea (Hollyhock genus, from the Greek althaino, to cure)
Latin Pronunciation: al-thay-uh-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having leaves like Althaea (Hollyhock genus, from the Greek althaino, to cure)
Latin Pronunciation: al-thay-uh-FOH-lee-us

Latin Pronunciation: al-tif-fronz
Meaning: tall-fronded.

Meaning: Like the hollyhock, genus Althaea
Latin Pronunciation: al-thay-OY-deez
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-thee-OY-deez


altherbosa

Communities with tall herbaceous plants, especially in denuded forest areas.

Meaning: Fat
Latin Pronunciation: al-TIL-ee

Meaning: Fat
Latin Pronunciation: al-TIL-iss


altimeter

An instrument for determining altitude.

Meaning: Tall
Latin Pronunciation: AL-tee-or

Meaning: Tallest, highest
Latin Pronunciation: al-TISS-ih-muh

Meaning: Tallest, highest
Latin Pronunciation: al-TISS-ih-mum

Latin Pronunciation: al-tiss-im-us
Meaning: very tall. altus

Latin Pronunciation: al-tus
Meaning: tall.

Meaning: Tall
Latin Pronunciation: AL-tee-us

Meaning: Grows on high mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-toh-MON-tah-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-toh-mon-TAY-nuh

Meaning: Grows on high mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-toh-MON-tah-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-toh-mon-TAY-num

Meaning: Grows on high mountains
Latin Pronunciation: al-toh-MON-tah-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-toh-mon-TAY-nus

Meaning: Tall
Latin Pronunciation: AL-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AHL-tum

Meaning: Tall
Latin Pronunciation: AL-tus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AHL-tus


alulate

Having a very narrow wing.


alvar

A Swedish term for a habitat type consisting of dwarf shrubs.

Meaning: Hollowed like a tray; channelled out
Latin Pronunciation: al-vee-oh-LAY-tuh


alveolate

Honeycombed; having angular depressions separated by thin partitions.


alveolation

A honeycombed condition.

Meaning: Named for Andrew Halstead Alverson, early 20th century Cactus collector in California (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: al-ver-SON-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek alytos (united, undivided) and gyne (woman)
Latin Pronunciation: al-ly-oh-GY-nee

Meaning: Hollowed like a tray; channelled out
Latin Pronunciation: al-vee-oh-LAY-tus

Meaning: From the Greek halusis (chain) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: al-liss-ee-KAR-pus

Meaning: Resembling the Alyssum genus
Latin Pronunciation: al-iss-OY-deez
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:al-iss-EE-deez

Meaning: Resembles Alyssum (genus name from the Greek a, not, without; and lyssa, rage, madness, referring to the plant's use to cure rabies)
Latin Pronunciation: al-liss-OP-sis


Latin Pronunciation: Ai-Liss-um
Common Name: Alyssum, Mad- wort.

Meaning: From the Greek halusis (chain) and refers to the fruits
Latin Pronunciation: al-IKS-ee-uh

Meaning: Beautiful, worthy of love
Latin Pronunciation: a-MAH-bih-lee

Meaning: Beautiful, worthy of love
Latin Pronunciation: a-MAH-bih-liss


amanthophilous (syn. ammocolous, alt. ammophilous)

Refers to organisms which live in sand.

Latin Pronunciation: am-ak-kanth-us
Meaning: with out spines.

Meaning: Bitter to the taste
Latin Pronunciation: a-MAH-ruh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-MAR-uh

Meaning: Everlasting flower
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-RANTH-uh

Meaning: (unfading)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-ar-ranth-us
Common Name: Amaranth.

Meaning: Resembling Amaranth
Latin Pronunciation: am-ar-anth-OY-deez

Meaning: Of the color of Amaranth (or purple)
Latin Pronunciation: am-ar-an-TEE-kol-or

Meaning: (for Amaryllis and Cri-num)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-ar-krye-num.

Meaning: Somewhat bitter
Latin Pronunciation: a-mar-EL-a

Meaning: Somewhat bitter
Latin Pronunciation: a-mar-EL-um

Latin Pronunciation: am-ay-rik-kaw-liss
Meaning: bitter-stemmed.

Meaning: Bitter to the taste
Latin Pronunciation: a-MAHR-um

Latin Pronunciation: am-may-rus
Meaning: bitter.

Meaning: A combination of Amaryllis (sparkling) and Brunsvigia (named in honor of Carl Wilhelm Ferdinant, 18th century Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg)
Latin Pronunciation: am-ar-RY-jee-uh

Meaning: The Amaryllis family, named for a shepherdess in Greek mythology, means sparkling
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-ril-id-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Named for Thomas Amason, an American traveler in colonial days
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-SON-ee-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Am-ar-rill-iss.

Meaning: Of or from the Amazon; reference to its size
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-ZOH-nik-uh

Meaning: Of or from the Amazon; reference to its size
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-ZOH-nik-um

Latin Pronunciation: am-az-zon-ik-us
Meaning: from or of the Amazon (region) River.

Meaning: uncertain
Latin Pronunciation: AM-bi-genz

Latin Pronunciation: am-big-yew-us
Meaning: doubtful(of type, origin, etc).

Meaning: Doubtful
Latin Pronunciation: am-big-yoo-us

Meaning: Doubtful
Latin Pronunciation: am-big-yoo-uh

Meaning: Resembles amblyanthus (from the Greek, meaning blunt-flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-anth-OP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek amblus (blunt) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-BLY-an-thum

Meaning: Blunt-seed
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-KAR-puh

Meaning: Blunt-seed
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Greek amblus (blunt) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-BLY-an-tha

Meaning: From the Greek amblus (blunt) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-BLY-an-thus

Meaning: Blunt-seed
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-KAR-pus

Meaning: Blunt-angled fruits
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-gon-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Blunt-surface
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-NOH-tus

Meaning: Blunt-toothed
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-oh-don

Meaning: Blunt-toothed
Latin Pronunciation: am-blee-oh-DON-ta

Meaning: From the Greek amblus (blunt) and pappos (down or fluff)
Latin Pronunciation: am-blee-yo-PAP-pus

Meaning: Greek ambly (dull) and lepis (scale, shell)
Latin Pronunciation: am-blee-yo-LEP-is

Meaning: From the Greek amblus (blunt) and petalum (petals)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bly-oh-PET-al-lum

Meaning: Of or from the Island of Amboin, Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: am-boy-NEN-see

Meaning: Of or from the Island of Amboin, Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: am-boy-NEN-sis

Meaning: Of or from the Island of Amboin, Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: am-boy-IN-ih-kuh

Meaning: Of or from the Island of Amboin, Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: am-boy-IN-ih-kum

Meaning: Of or from the Island of Amboin, Papua New Guinea
Latin Pronunciation: am-boy-IN-ih-kuss

Meaning: Of or from Ambositra, Madagascar
Latin Pronunciation: am-boh-SIT-ray-ee

Meaning: Of or from Ambovombe (Madagascar)
Latin Pronunciation: am-boh-vom-BEN-sis

Meaning: Sweet
Latin Pronunciation: am-BRO-zee-uh-kuh

Meaning: Sweet
Latin Pronunciation: am-BRO-zee-uh-kum

Meaning: Food of the gods; food for immortality
Latin Pronunciation: am-BRO-zhuh

Meaning: Sweet
Latin Pronunciation: am-BRO-zee-uh-kus

Meaning: Variant spelling of ambrosiifolia; having leaves like Ambrosia (genus name meaning food of the gods; food for immortality)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bro-sih-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: Having leaves like Ambrosia (genus name meaning food of the gods; food for immortality); also spelled ambrosifolia
Latin Pronunciation: am-bro-see-ih-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: Having leaves like Ambrosia (genus name meaning food of the gods; food for immortality)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bro-see-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Resembling Ambrosia (probably a reference to the fragrance)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bro-zhee-OY-deez

Latin Pronunciation: am-el-loy-deez
Meaning: Amelluslike.

Meaning: (for river Melia)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-mell-us.

Latin Pronunciation: Am-el-lank-ee-uh
Common Name: Shad- bush.

amendment

Alteration or change, especially for the better, as when adding a soil amendment.


amensalism

The state or interaction in which one organism is reduced while another is not influenced. See also: commensalism.


ament

A catkin, or scaly spike.


amentaceous

Refers to plants which produce catkins.


amentula

Applied to the special antheridia-bearing branches of Sphagnum.

Meaning: Of the Americas
Latin Pronunciation: a-mer-ih-KAY-na
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-mer-ih-KAH-na

Meaning: Of the Americas
Latin Pronunciation: a-mer-ih-KAY-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-mer-ih-KAH-num


American Rose Society (abr. ARS)

An educational, nonprofit organization dedicated exclusively to the cultivation and enjoyment of roses.

Latin Pronunciation: am-eh-rik-kay-nus
Meaning: American.

Meaning: Named for Oakes Ames, 20th century American botany professor at Harvard
Latin Pronunciation: ames-ee-EL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek orchis (testicle), referring to the shape of the tuber; it is native to the North American continent
Latin Pronunciation: am-ER-or-kiss

Meaning: Colour of amethyst
Latin Pronunciation: am-eth-ee-STEE-nuh

Meaning: Colour of amethyst; also spelled Amethystia
Latin Pronunciation: am-eth-ee-STEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-me-THIS-tee-uh

Meaning: Variant spelling of Amethystea; color of amethyst
Latin Pronunciation: am-eth-ee-STEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-me-THIS-tee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Ambrosia (genus name meaning food of the gods; food for immortality)
Latin Pronunciation: am-bro-see-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Colour of amethyst
Latin Pronunciation: am-eth-ee-STEE-num


amethystine

Violet-colored.

Meaning: Violet (amethyst) tongue
Latin Pronunciation: am-e-this-toh-GLOS-uh

Latin Pronunciation: am-meth-thist-in-us
Meaning: amethyst- or violet-colored.

Meaning: Violet (amethyst) tongue
Latin Pronunciation: am-e-this-toh-GLOS-um

Meaning: Violet (amethyst) tongue
Latin Pronunciation: am-e-this-toh-GLOS-us


ametoecious

Refers to a parasite which is restricted to a single host, i.e., species specific.

Meaning: Named for Countess Amherst, wife of Lord Amherst, Governor of Burma and India in the early 19th century
Latin Pronunciation: am-HER-stee-uh

Meaning: Named for Countess Amherst, wife of Lord Amherst, Governor of Burma and India in the early 19th century
Latin Pronunciation: am-her-stee-AY-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-her-stee-AH-nuh


Latin Pronunciation: Am-ee-anth-ee-um.

Meaning: Named for Giovanni Battista Amici, 19th century Italian botanist and professor of astronomy at Florence
Latin Pronunciation: a-MEE-see-uh


amino acid

One of the organic, nitrogen-containing units of which proteins are composed.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without), mitos (thread) and stigma
Latin Pronunciation: a-my-toh-STIG-muh


amitosis

Direct division of the nucleus of a cell without mitosis.

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and andros (male)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MAN-druh

Meaning: Named for Paul Ammann, 17th century German botanist
Latin Pronunciation: am-MAH-nee-uh


ammate

A compound of ammonium sulfate, often used as an herbicide.

Meaning: (living-in-sand)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-moh bee-um
Common Name: Winged Everlasting.

Meaning: Ancient Latin name
Latin Pronunciation: AM-eye

Meaning: Resmbles Ammi, ancient Latin name
Latin Pronunciation: am-eye-OP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and charis (beauty); refers to the habitat and quality of these plants
Latin Pronunciation: am-oh-KAIR-iss

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and codon (alarm or bell)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MOH-koh-don

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and Daucus (ancient Greek name for carrot)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MOH-do-kus

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and broma (food)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MO-bro-muh

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and chloa (grass)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MOH-kloh-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and dendron (tree)
Latin Pronunciation: am-MOH-den-dron

Meaning: Sand-like
Latin Pronunciation: am-MOY-deez


ammonification

The formation of ammonia compounds from organic materials containing nitrogen.

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and philos (loving)
Latin Pronunciation: am-oh-FY-luh

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and sperma (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: am-mo-SPER-muh

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and Piptanthus (falling flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-moh-pip-TAN-thus


amnion (alt. amniotic fluid, alt. amniotic waters)

The liquid surrounding an embryo while in uterus or in an egg.

Meaning: From the Greek ammos (sand) and Selinum (an old name genus for the carrot family)
Latin Pronunciation: am-mo-sel-EE-num

Meaning: Delightful
Latin Pronunciation: am-oh-EN-uh


amniote

Animals whose embryos develop within a fluid- filled sac, e.g., some reptiles, birds and mammals.

Meaning: River (or stream) dweller
Latin Pronunciation: am-NEE-koh-luh

Meaning: Delightful
Latin Pronunciation: am-oh-EN-um

Latin Pronunciation: am-meen-us
Meaning: charming, pleasing.


Latin Pronunciation: Am-moh-mum.
Meaning: (formless)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-morf-uh
Common Name: False-indigo.
Meaning: (irregularly - phallus -formed)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-mor-foh-fal-lus.

amorphous

Shapeless, a form not regular or predictable.

Meaning: Without definite form
Latin Pronunciation: a-MOR-fum

Meaning: Without definite form
Latin Pronunciation: a-MOR-fus

Meaning: Named for Do?a Amparo Lopez Callejas de Zeledon, a Costa Rican orchid enthusiast
Latin Pronunciation: am-PAR-oh-uh

Meaning: Vine
Latin Pronunciation: am-PEL-uh-mus

Meaning: from the Greek ampelos (vine) and Cissus (Latin name for ivy)
Latin Pronunciation: am-pel-oh-KISS-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-pel-oh-SISS-us

Meaning: From the Greek ampelos (vine) and aster from the Latin astrum (star)
Latin Pronunciation: am-pel-ASS-ter

Meaning: From the Greek ampelos (grape) and desmos (ligament)
Latin Pronunciation: am-pel-oh-DES-mos

Meaning: (vine-like)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-pel-lop siss.

Meaning: From the Greek ampelos (vine) and prason (leek)
Latin Pronunciation: am-pel-oh-PRAY-sum

Meaning: Growing in and out of water
Latin Pronunciation: am-FIB-ee-uh


amphibious

Capable of living on land or in the water.

Latin Pronunciation: am-ftb-ee-us
Meaning: amphibious(of both water and land).

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning ambiguity (doubtful or uncertain)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fih-BOL-ee-uh

Meaning: Growing in and out of water
Latin Pronunciation: am-FIB-ee-um

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-KAR-pay-uh


amphicarpic

Producing two different types of fruits; sometimes said of plants which bear more than one crop each year.

Meaning: From the Greek amphikarpos (double fruited), for the two kinds of spikelets
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-KAR-pum


amphicarpogenous

Producing fruit above ground which then becomes buried, e.g., peanuts,Arachis hypogaea.

Meaning: (for hairy seeds)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-fik-om-ee.

amphichromatism

Having flowers of different colors appearing in different seasons.


amphicryptophyte

A marsh plant with some underwater vegetative parts.


amphigeal

Producing two types of flowers, one coming up directly from the root, the other on upper stems.


amphidiploid (alt. amphiploid)

A tetraploid having two sets of genomes coming from different parent stock.


amphigean

Native of both Old and New Worlds.

Meaning: Double-chinned (cheeked)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-JEE-nuh


amphigenetic

Refers to an organism or a part of the growth cycle that produces zygotes.


amphigenesis

The joining of gametes to form a zygote.

Meaning: Double-tongued
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-GLOSS-uh

Meaning: Double-crested
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-LOH-fee-um


amphimixis

Sexual reproduction; the joining of parental characters.

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and neuron (vein, nerves)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-NOOR-on
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-fee-NYUR-on

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and pappos (pappus)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-PAP-pus

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-oh-LAN-thus

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and petalum (petal)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-PET-al-lum

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-FIL-lum


amphiphyte

A plant growing in the edge of wetland and water showing amphibious characteristics.


amphiploid (alt. amphidiploid)

A variation on polyploid in which there are two sets of chromosomes, each set coming from a different species.

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and pteron (wing)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-TER-um

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and pogon (beard)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-POH-gon

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and pterugion (diminutive of pterux, meaning wing)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-ter-RIJ-ee-um


amphirhinal

Refers to an organism with two noses.

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and scirpus (Latin name for a rush or bull rush)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-SIR-pus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-fee-SKIR-pus

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (double) and siphon (tube)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fee-SY-fon

Meaning: From the Greek amphi (all-around, on both sides) and teknos (skill)
Latin Pronunciation: am-fih-TECK-nuh


amphitheater (alt. theatre, syn. theater)

A hillside or depression with tiers or terraces cut into it, resembling a classical outdoor theater and usually used for that purpose.


amphitropous

Half inverted and straight, with the hilum lateral; an ovule that is curved back along its funiculus so that the base and micropyle are close together. Describes an ovule or a seed.


amphithecium

The outer layers of cells of the sporangium.

Meaning: To wind around, surround
Latin Pronunciation: am-PLEK-tens


amphoteric

Refers to the ability of a substance to react either as an acid or a base.

Meaning: Large, ample, spacious
Latin Pronunciation: AM-pluh


amplectant

An organism or organ with the ability to clasp or twine, like a tendril.

Meaning: Clasping
Latin Pronunciation: am-PLEKS-ans


amplexicaul

Clasping the stem.

Latin Pronunciation: am-plex-ik-kaw-liss
Meaning: stem-clasping.

Meaning: Clasping the stem
Latin Pronunciation: am-pleks-ih-KAW-lee

Meaning: Clasping leaves
Latin Pronunciation: am-pleks-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: am-plex-if-foh-lee-us
Meaning: leaf-clasping.

Meaning: Clasping leaves
Latin Pronunciation: am-pleks-ih-FOH-lee-um


ampliation

The process of enlarging or amplifying.

Meaning: Widened, enlarged
Latin Pronunciation: am-pli-AY-tum

Meaning: Widened, enlarged
Latin Pronunciation: am-pli-AY-tus

Meaning: Ample, generous foliage (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: amp-li-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Ample, generous foliage (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: amp-li-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Ample, generous foliage (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: amp-li-FOH-lee-us

Latin Pronunciation: am-pliss-im-us
Meaning: very ample or full.

Meaning: Large, ample, spacious
Latin Pronunciation: AM-plum

Meaning: Widened, enlarged
Latin Pronunciation: am-pli-AY-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: am-plus
Meaning: large, full, extended.


ampule (alt. ampulla, adj. ampulliform, adj. ampullaceous)

A hollow flasklike organ shaped like a bladder or squat round bottle; e.g., the traps and floats such as those found on the leaves of Nepenthaceae or Utricularia.

Meaning: Flask-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: am-pul-uh-KEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-pul-uh-SEE-uh

Meaning: Flask-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: am-pul-uh-KEE-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-pul-uh-SEE-um

Meaning: Flask-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: am-pul-uh-KEE-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-pul-uh-SEE-us

Meaning: Named for Wilhelm Amsinck, 19th century patron of a botanical garden in Hamburg
Latin Pronunciation: am-SING-kee-uh

Meaning: (for physician Charles Am- son)
Latin Pronunciation: Am-soh-nee-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: am-moor-ren-siss
Meaning: of the Amur River region of Siberia.

Meaning: From the Amur River region of Russia and China
Latin Pronunciation: am-or-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:am-or-EN-say

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) and myeo (to initiate), referring to the genus lack of recognition, separate from Loranthus
Latin Pronunciation: a-my-EM-a

Meaning: Of or from Amudat, Uganda
Latin Pronunciation: am-uh-dat-EN-sis

Meaning: Almond-like
Latin Pronunciation: am-ig-duh-LOY-deez

Meaning: The ancient Greek name for Almond
Latin Pronunciation: am-MIG-dal-us


anabiont

A plant that produces flowers and fruits many times; a perennial.


anabiosis

Revival of an organism after apparent death, like the resurrection plant, Anastatica.


anabolism

The process of building up protoplasm from simple substances.

Meaning: Resembling Anacardia (genus name for Cashew)
Latin Pronunciation: ana-kar-dee-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek anakampto (bend back); refers to the flower spur
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-KAMP-tiss

Meaning: From the Greek anakampto (to recover) & eros (love), an herb which was believed to bring back love if touched
Latin Pronunciation: an-ak-KAM-ser-os

Meaning: (for heart-shaped nut)
Latin Pronunciation: An-ak-kard-ee-um
Common Name: Cashew.

Latin Pronunciation: An-ak-kamp-ser-oss.

Meaning: from the Greek ana (up) and cheilus (lip)
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-KAY-lee-um


Latin Pronunciation: An-ass-sye-klus.

anadromous

Having the first lobe or segment of a pinna or frond arising toward the apex/ tip.


anaerobe

An organism which can survive in the absence of oxygen.


anaerobic

Describes a process that occurs with little or no oxygen present.


anaerobic respiration

Gaseous exchange in which the hydrogen removed from the glucose during glycolysis is combined with an organic ion instead of oxygen.


anaerobiosis

The existence of life without oxygen.

Meaning: (delighting)
Latin Pronunciation: An-ag-gal-liss
Common Name: Pimpernel.

anaerophytobionts

Soil flora which exist without oxygen.

Meaning: From the Greek meaning again and to delight in; referring to the flower's open each time the sun strikes them, allowing them to be enjoyed each day
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-GAL-us

Meaning: The Greek name for this plant
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-GY-ris

Meaning: Like the genus Anagyris
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-gy-ROY-deez


analogous

Of similar function, but of different evolutionary descent. See also: homologous.


analgesic

An herbal medicine which can relieve pain.


Latin Pronunciation: An-nan-ass
Common Name: Pineapple.

anamniote

An animal lacking embryonic membranes or amnion.


anandrous

Refers to flowers that have no stamens.

Meaning: Without jointed-leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-arth-roh-FIL-um

Meaning: Resembles Anaphyllum (without leaves)
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-fil-OP-sis

Meaning: Wihout leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-FIL-um

Meaning: From the Greek anastasis (resurrection) and refers to the plants ability to revive with the application of water
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-STAT-ih-kuh


anastomose (v. anastomosing, adj. anastomosed)

Netted, as are veins in a leaf.


Latin Pronunciation: An-naff-al-iss.

anastomosing

Connecting by cross- veins and forming a network.

Meaning: Of or pertaining to ducks; duck-like
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-TY-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-ah-TEE-nuh


anastomosis

The connection of various parts to form a network, as in leaf veins.

Meaning: Of or from the Pontus (also called North Anatolian) Mountains, Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: an-ah-TOH-lee-kuh

Meaning: Of or from the Pontus (also called North Anatolian) Mountains, Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: an-ah-TOH-lee-kus

Meaning: Of or from the Pontus (also called North Anatolian) Mountains, Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: an-ah-TOH-lee-kum


anatomy

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship between its parts.


anatropous

An ovule that is inverted and straight, with the micropyle next to the hilum and the radicle consequently inferior.


anauxotelic

Describes inflorescences, parts of inflorescences or axes that do not end in a flower, and in which growth does not continue beyond the flowering region. See also: auxotelic.

Latin Pronunciation: an-seps
Meaning: two-headed, two- edged. like.

Meaning: Two-edges, uncertain
Latin Pronunciation: an-SEP-ih-tee

Meaning: Two-edges, uncertain
Latin Pronunciation: an-SEP-ih-tiss


anchor-ice

Frozen water that forms at the bottom of a stream.


anchor root

A large root serving mainly to hold a plant in place in the soil.


ancipital (adj. ancipitous)

With both edges sharp, as some flattened stems.

Meaning: Fish-hook flower

Meaning: (for a skin paint)
Latin Pronunciation: An-kew-suh
Common Name: Alkanet.

Meaning: From the Greek ancistr (fish hook; barbed) and cactus
Latin Pronunciation: an-siss-troh-KAK-tus

Meaning: From the Greek ancistr (fish hook; barbed) and karphos (something light and dry, like chaff)
Latin Pronunciation: an-siss-tro-KAR-fus

Meaning: From the Greek ancistrus (fishhook) and cheilos (lip)
Latin Pronunciation: an-siss-tro-KY-lus

Meaning: fish-hook fruit

Meaning: From the Greek ancistrus (fishhook) and rhynchus (beak); refers to the hook-shaped rostellum
Latin Pronunciation: an-siss-troh-RIN-kus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-siss-troh-RINCH-us

Meaning: Fish-hook nut

Meaning: Hooked stamen
Latin Pronunciation: an-sik-loh-STEM-on

Meaning: Of or from Ankara, Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: an-syr-EN-see

Meaning: Hooked flower
Latin Pronunciation: an-sik-LAN-thos

Meaning: Of or from Ankara, Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: an-syr-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Dr. Charles Lewis Anderson, 19th century surgeon and botanist who collected in Nevada (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: an-der-SOH-nee-eye

Meaning: Of or form Andalgal?, in the Catamarca province of Argentina
Latin Pronunciation: an-dal-gal-EN-sis

Meaning: Dweller of the Andes mountains; see also andicola
Latin Pronunciation: an-deez-ih-KOH-la

Latin Pronunciation: an-dik-ol-us
Meaning: of the Andes mountains.


Latin Pronunciation: An-dye-ruh
Common Name: Angelin-tree.

Meaning: Ancient Greek name for Arbutus (Strawberry tree)
Latin Pronunciation: an-DRAK-nee

Latin Pronunciation: an-dye-nus
Meaning: of the Andes.

Meaning: Named for Edouard Francis Andre, a 19th century French explorer who discovered the plant in the Andes mountains
Latin Pronunciation: an-dree-AY-num

Meaning: Latinized from the Portuguese vernacular name forAndradea floribunda and several other plants
Latin Pronunciation: an-dra-DEE-ah
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-DRA-dee-ah

Meaning: Named for Edouard Andr?, 19th century French author of Bromeliaceae Andreanae, a monograph on bromeliads
Latin Pronunciation: an-drey-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Edouard Andr?, 19th century French author of Bromeliaceae Andreanae, a monograph on bromeliads
Latin Pronunciation: an-drey-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Edouard Andr?, 19th century French author of Bromeliaceae Andreanae, a monograph on bromeliads
Latin Pronunciation: an-DREY-uh

Meaning: Named for Edouard Andr?, 19th century French author of Bromeliaceae Andreanae, a monograph on bromeliads
Latin Pronunciation: an-drey-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Henry C Andrews, early 19th century British botanical artist
Latin Pronunciation: an-DROO-see-eye


androdioecious

A plant breeding type in which a species, to produce seeds, must have a male plant with flowers having only stamens and a bisexual plant with flowers having both stamens and pistils. See also: dioecious.

Meaning: From the Greek andros (male) and clados (branch)
Latin Pronunciation: an-droh-KLAD-um


androconia

Modified scales on the wings of butterflies, e.g., Lepidoptera, that produce a sexually attractive odor. See also: pheromones.


androecium

Refers collectively to the stamens of one particular flower.


androgynophore

A stalk bearing both the androecium and gynoecium of a flower above the perianth.


androgynous

1. Of an inflorescence composed of both staminate and pistillate flowers. 2. With antheridia and archegonia in the same cluster of leaves, i.e., either synoicous or paroicous.

Meaning: From the Greek andros (male) and lepis (scale)
Latin Pronunciation: an-droh-LEP-iss

Latin Pronunciation: an-drog-in-us
Meaning: with both staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers in one cluster
Meaning: hence perfect-flowered.

Meaning: (for mythical Andromeda)
Latin Pronunciation: An-drom-ed-uh
Common Name: Bog-rosemary.

Meaning: Resembling Andromeda (genus name for Bog-rosemary)
Latin Pronunciation: an-drom-EE-dee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage that resembles Andromeda (genus name for bog-rosemary)
Latin Pronunciation: an-drom-ed-ih-FOH-lee-a


andromonoecious

Refers to species that have bisexual and male flowers on the same plant.


androphile

A plant that grows most successfully around humankind.


androphore

A stalk bearing the androecium.

Meaning: Man (male, husband, bearded)
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-POH-gon


Latin Pronunciation: An-dross-ass-ee
Common Name: Rock-jasmine.

Meaning: Like Androsace (genus name, from the Greek andros, man; and sakos, a shield)
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SAY-see-uh

Meaning: Like Androsace (genus name, from the Greek andros, man; and sakos, a shield)
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SAY-see-um

Meaning: Like Androsace (genus name, from the Greek andros, man; and sakos, a shield)
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SAY-see-us

Meaning: Man-blood
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SEE-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-dro-SAY-muh

Meaning: Man-blood
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SEE-mum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-dro-SAY-mum

Meaning: Leaves like the Genus Androsaemum (now Hypericum); Androsaemum means man-blood and refers to the red sap in Hypericum perforatum
Latin Pronunciation: and-row-say-mee-fol-ee-um


androsporangium

The receptacle in which androspores are formed.

Meaning: Man-blood
Latin Pronunciation: an-dro-SEE-mus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-dro-SAY-mus


androspore

The minute reproductive body, which gives rise to the (often exceedingly obscure) male plantlet in the sexual generation.

Meaning: Derivation unknown
Latin Pronunciation: an-DRY-al-uh

Meaning: From the Greek andros (man) and stephanos (crown), referring to the fused filaments
Latin Pronunciation: an-droh-STEE-fee-um

Meaning: From the Greek aneimon (naked, unclad)
Latin Pronunciation: an-NEE-mee-uh


anemochore (alt. anemochory)

Dispersal of organisms, such as seeds, by wind. See also: diaspore, disseminule.


anemochore (alt. anemochory)

Dispersal of organisms, such as seeds, by wind. See also: diaspore, disseminule.


anemogram

The graphic record of wind velocity made by an anemograph.

Meaning: (wind)
Latin Pronunciation: An - nem - on - ee
Common Name: Anemone, Windflower.

anemograph

An automatic instrument for graphic recording of wind sp.ed.

Latin Pronunciation: an-nem-on-ee-ftoh rus
Meaning: with Anemone-like flowers.


anemometer

An instrument that measures wind sp.ed, but does not necessarily record it. See also: anemograph.

Meaning: With leaves like Anemone
Latin Pronunciation: an-nem-oh-nih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: (little-Anemone)
Latin Pronunciation: An-em-on-ne71-uh
Common Name: Rue-anemone.

Meaning: With leaves like Anemone
Latin Pronunciation: an-nem-oh-nih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With leaves like Anemone
Latin Pronunciation: an-nem-oh-nih-FOH-lee-us


anemophious (alt. anemophilous)

Refers to plants which are pollinated almost exclusively by wind. See also: anemochory, entomophilous.

Meaning: Anemone-like
Latin Pronunciation: an-nem-oh-NOP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek anemos (wind) and paigma (sport), referring to the vigorous nature of these climbers
Latin Pronunciation: an-em-oh-PAYG-muh


anemoplankton

Microorganisms transported by wind.


anemotaxis

The reaction to wind experienced by a free-moving organism.


anemotropism

Movement or growth of cells or organisms in response to wind.

Meaning: (Anemone-like)
Latin Pronunciation: An-em-mop-siss
Common Name: Yerba Mansa.

aneroid barometer

An instrument that precisely measures atmospheric pressure to allow calculation of altitude.

Meaning: Having leaves like Anethum (dill)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-nay-thee-FOH-lee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:uh-nee-thih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Anethum (dill)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-nay-thee-FOH-lee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:uh-nee-thih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Like the genus Anethum
Latin Pronunciation: uh-NEE-thoy-deez

Meaning: Having leaves like Anethum (dill)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-nay-thee-FOH-lee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:uh-nee-thih-FOH-lee-us


Latin Pronunciation: An-neeth-urn
Common Name: Dill.

aneuploid

Refers to the presence of an irregular number of chromosomes, higher or lower than multiples of the haploid number. See also: euploid.


anfractuose (alt. anfractuous)

1. Tightly twisted together. 2. Closely sinuous.

Meaning: (lovely)
Latin Pronunciation: An-jell-ik-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: An-jel-loh-nee-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: an-frak-tew-oh-sus
Meaning: twisted.

Meaning: From Greek angeion (a cup) and anthos (flower), referring to the cup-like appearance of the pappus scales
Latin Pronunciation: an-gee-AN-thus

Meaning: From the Greek angion (vessel) and pteris (a fern), in reference to the shape of the sporangia
Latin Pronunciation: an-jee-OP-ter-is


angiospermous

Having the seeds borne within a pericarp.


angiosperm

A flowering plant with ovules contained inside the ovary.

Meaning: From the greek angio (capsule, enclosed) and sperma (seed), referring to the plant producing seeds enclosed in fruit
Latin Pronunciation: an-jee-oh-SPER-mum


angled

Having evident ridges.


angle of repose (syn. critical slope)

The maximum degree of gradient on which soil or loose rock remain stable.

Meaning: Of or from England
Latin Pronunciation: AN-glee-kuh

Latin Pronunciation: an-glik-us
Meaning: English, or from England.

Meaning: Of or from Angola, Africa
Latin Pronunciation: an-go-LEN-see

Meaning: Of or from Angola, Africa
Latin Pronunciation: an-go-LEN-sis

Meaning: From the Greek angos (vessel) and phora (bearing), referring to the cup-shaped fruits
Latin Pronunciation: an-GO-for-uh

Meaning: Angraecum-like
Latin Pronunciation: an-gry-KOP-sis


Latin Pronunciation: An-greek-urn.

Meaning: Snake killer
Latin Pronunciation: an-GYOO-kee-duh

Meaning: Snake killer
Latin Pronunciation: an-GYOO-kee-dee

Meaning: Like a snake
Latin Pronunciation: an-goo-IN-ee-uh

Meaning: Like a snake
Latin Pronunciation: an-goo-IN-ee-um

Meaning: Like a snake
Latin Pronunciation: an-goo-IN-ee-us


angular (alt. angulate)

Angled. Refers to an organ that shows a specific number of angles, e.g., mints, Labiatae, which have stems that are 4-angled, and are square in the cross section.

Latin Pronunciation: an-gwye-nus
Meaning: snaky, serpentine.

Meaning: Of or from England
Latin Pronunciation: AN-glee-kum

Meaning: Angular
Latin Pronunciation: ang-yoo-LAIR-ee

Latin Pronunciation: an-gew-lay-riss
Meaning: angular.


angular cells

See also: alar.

Meaning: Angular
Latin Pronunciation: ang-yoo-LAY-tum

Latin Pronunciation: an-gew-lay-tus
Meaning: angular angled.

Meaning: Bearing hooks
Latin Pronunciation: an-GYOO-lih-ger

Meaning: A combination of Anguloa (named in honor of Don Francisco de Angulo, 18th century Spanish botanist) and Lycaste (Greek mythology figure)
Latin Pronunciation: an-gyoo-loh-KAS-tee

Meaning: (for Spanish Don Francisco de Angulo)
Latin Pronunciation: An-gew-loh-uh.

Meaning: Full of corners; many angles
Latin Pronunciation: an-gew-LOH-suh

Meaning: Full of corners; many angles
Latin Pronunciation: an-gew-LOH-sum

Latin Pronunciation: an-gew-loh-sus
Meaning: angular.

Meaning: Angular
Latin Pronunciation: ang-yoo-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Narrowed
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-TAY-tuh

Meaning: Narrow
Latin Pronunciation: an-GUS-tuh

Meaning: Narrowed
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-TAY-tum

Meaning: Narrowed
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-TAY-tus

Meaning: Narrow-flowered
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tee-FLOR-uh

Meaning: Narrow-flowered
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tee-FLOR-um

Meaning: Narrow-flowered
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tee-FLOR-us

Meaning: Narrow leaf
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Narrow leaf
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tee-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: narrow-leaved.

Meaning: Having narrow lobes
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tih-LOH-buh

Meaning: Having narrow lobes
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tih-LOH-bum

Meaning: Narrow petals
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tih-PET-ah-la

Meaning: Narrow petals
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tih-PET-ah-lum

Meaning: Narrow petals
Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tih-PET-ah-lus


angustiseptate

Having narrow partitions. See also: latiseptate.

Meaning: Narrow
Latin Pronunciation: an-GUS-tum


angustiseptal

Having a fruit with narrow partitions, as the silicle of Cruciferae.

Latin Pronunciation: an-gus-tus
Meaning: narrow.


anhydrous

Refers to a substance which contains no water, like anhydrous ammonia.

Meaning: (expanded-flower)
Latin Pronunciation: An ig-oh-zanth-os.

animal unit

A standardized measure to understand the needs of different kinds of livestock in relation to forage resources. A mature cow of about 1000 pounds (455 kg.) is the standard unit, and the feed needed is equal to one horse, one mule, five sheep, five swine, five goats, or eight geese.


animal unit month

A measure of forage needed to maintain one animal unit for 30 days.


anion

A negatively-charged ion, such as chlorine. See also: cation.

Meaning: Anise (scented) flower
Latin Pronunciation: uh-niss-uh-KAN-thum

Meaning: Anise (scented) flower
Latin Pronunciation: uh-niss-uh-KAN-thus

Meaning: Like Anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-SAH-tuh

Meaning: Anise (scented) flower
Latin Pronunciation: uh-niss-uh-KAN-tha

Meaning: Like Anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-SAH-tum

Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-say-tus
Meaning: anise-scented.

Meaning: Anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ISS-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AN-iss-ee

Meaning: From the Greek anisos (unequal) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-oh-KAR-pa


aniso-

A prefix meaning unequal or dissimilar.

Meaning: From the Greek anisos (unequal) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Unequal lip
Latin Pronunciation: an-is-oh-KY-lus

Meaning: From the Greek anisos (unequal) and kome (tuft of hair); refers to the 2 unequal sets of pappus bristles
Latin Pronunciation: an-is-oh-KOH-muh

Meaning: Variant of Anisodontea, from the Greek anisos (unequal) and dontus (toothed), referring to the irregularly toothed leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-oh-DON-tee-uh

Meaning: Smells like anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-DOR-us

Meaning: From the Greek anisos (unequal) and dontus (toothed), referring to the irregularly toothed leaves; also spelled Anisodontia
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-oh-DON-tee-uh

Meaning: Smells like anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-DOR-uh

Meaning: Smells like anise
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-DOR-um

Meaning: Unequal leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-FIL-uh


anisophyllous

Refers to paired leaves which are different in size or shape, common in trailing stemmed gesneriads.

Meaning: Unequal leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-oh-FY-lee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-iss-oh-FIL-ee-uh

Meaning: Unequal leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-FIL-us

Meaning: Unequal leaves
Latin Pronunciation: an-ee-so-FIL-um

Meaning: From the Greek anisos (unequal) and tome (cut); refers to the uneven leaf margins
Latin Pronunciation: an-iss-OH-to-mee


anisophylly

The presence of two kinds of leaves on one plant as inSelaginella and some cedars,Juniperus. See also: dimorphism.

Meaning: From the Latin annectere (to link or join together)
Latin Pronunciation: an-NEK-tens

Meaning: Lives long
Latin Pronunciation: an-NO-suh


Latin Pronunciation: An-non-nuh.

Meaning: Anise
Latin Pronunciation: uh-NISS-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:AN-iss-um

Meaning: Lives long
Latin Pronunciation: an-NO-sum

Meaning: Of or from the Ankara Reserve in Madagascar
Latin Pronunciation: an-kar-EN-sis


annotinal

Appearing yearly.

Meaning: Lives long
Latin Pronunciation: an-NO-sus

Meaning: Annual
Latin Pronunciation: AN-yoo-uh


annual production

The amount of yield each year by an organism or group.


annual ring

The layer of wood produced by a single year's growth of a woody plant.


annual succession

The routine occurrence of plants and animals in an area during each year, such as spring bulbs being replaced by annual flowering plants, and subsequently replaced by autumn perennial flowering plants.


annual

A plant whose life cycle is of only one year's duration.


annual seasons

The major climatic periods of each year: vernal, estival, autumnal, and hibernal.


annular

In the form of a ring.


annual turnover

The total accumulation of living organisms produced in one year for a certain area. See also: biomass.


annuation

The highs and lows from year to year in abundance or performance of organisms caused by differences in environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture.

Meaning: Shaped like a ring
Latin Pronunciation: an-YOO-lar-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-yoo-LAIR-ee


annular corona

Raised fleshy tissue, usually in a ring, on the corolla around the base of the staminal column but not closely adnate to it.

Latin Pronunciation: an-yew-/ay-riss
Meaning: annular,ringed.

Meaning: Has rings
Latin Pronunciation: an-yoo-LAH-tuh

Meaning: Has rings
Latin Pronunciation: an-yoo-LAH-tum


annulated

Made up of rings.


annulus

1. A ring of cells of the leptosporangium (the sporangium of higher ferns), which causes the sporangium to open and to discharge its spores.

Meaning: Annual
Latin Pronunciation: AN-yoo-um

Latin Pronunciation: an-yew-lay-tus
Meaning: annular.

Meaning: Annual
Latin Pronunciation: AN-yoo-us

Meaning: Annual (also spelled anuum)
Latin Pronunciation: AN-yoo-um

Latin Pronunciation: an-yew-us
Meaning: annual (living but a year).


Latin Pronunciation: An-noh-duh.

Meaning: From the Greek an (without), odos (teeth) and petalum (petals); toothless petals
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-doh-PET-a-lum


anodynes

Herbal medicines that can counteract pain but are milder than analgesics.

Meaning: Upward-tiled, refers to the scale-like fruiting heads
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-GEE-sus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-oh-GY-sus

Meaning: From the Greek anoiktos (open) and cheilos (lip)
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-ek-to-KY-lus

Meaning: Unusual
Latin Pronunciation: ah-NOM-uh-luh

Meaning: From the Greek ano (upward or above) and gramma (lined, written), referring to the sori maturing first near the tips
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-GRAM-uh


anomalicidal capsule

A dry fruit which dehisces irregularly; a rupturing capsule.

Meaning: Unusual
Latin Pronunciation: ah-NOM-uh-lum

Latin Pronunciation: an-nom-al-us
Meaning: unusual; also of uncertain identity.

Meaning: From the Greek anamalos (abnormal) and theca (container); referring to the unusual capsules
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-MATH-ee-kuh

Meaning: Like Annona (or Anona); means yearly produce
Latin Pronunciation: an-no-NY-dee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-no-NID-ee-um

Meaning: Without a spine; spineless
Latin Pronunciation: a-NO-plee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek ana (upward) and pteris (fern)
Latin Pronunciation: an-OP-ter-iss

Meaning: From the Greek anomes (unequal) and pteris (wing), the seed has unequal wings
Latin Pronunciation: an-OP-ter-us

Meaning: From the Greek anop (upright, upward) and pyxis (opening by a lid, as in a capsule)
Latin Pronunciation: an-oh-PIK-sis

Meaning: Unscented
Latin Pronunciation: an-OS-muh

Meaning: Unscented
Latin Pronunciation: an-OS-mum


anoxia

Condition resulting from an extreme lack of oxygen, usually resulting in permanent damage.

Meaning: Unscented
Latin Pronunciation: an-OS-mus

Meaning: Derivation is uncertain; possibly named for Anreder
Latin Pronunciation: an-REE-der-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-RED-er-uh


anoxic

Greatly deficient in oxygen.

Meaning: Named for John Ansell, 19th century English botanist and explorer who discovered the genus
Latin Pronunciation: an-SELL-ee-uh

Meaning: Pertaining to geese
Latin Pronunciation: an-ser-EE-nuh

Meaning: Having foliage like anserina
Latin Pronunciation: an-ser-in-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Pertaining to geese
Latin Pronunciation: an-ser-EE-num


antagonism

The depressive effect of one organism upon another, such as certain grasses like timothy hay on the production of alfalfa hay.

Meaning: Pertaining to geese
Latin Pronunciation: an-ser-EE-nus

Meaning: Of or from the Antarctic region
Latin Pronunciation: ant-ARK-tee-kuh

Meaning: Of or from the Antarctic region
Latin Pronunciation: ant-ARK-tee-kum

Latin Pronunciation: an-tark-tik-us
Meaning: from (or near) the antarctic region.

Meaning: From the Latin ante (before) and gibba (hump)
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-GIB-bay-um


antecedent moisture

The degree of liquid which has soaked into the soil at the start of the runoff period.


antemarginal

Inside of, or not extending quite to the margin.

Meaning: (antennae-like, as to some parts)
Latin Pronunciation: An-ten-nay-ree-uh
Common Name: Ever-lasting.

Meaning: Bearing antennae
Latin Pronunciation: an-ten-NIF-er-a

Meaning: From the Latin antenna, because of the resemblance of the male flowers to insect antennae
Latin Pronunciation: an-ten-AR-ee-um

Meaning: Bearing antennae
Latin Pronunciation: an-ten-NIF-er-um


anterior

Away from the stem, midrib, pistil or other organ. On a lipped flower, the bottom lip is anterior, the top lip is posterior. Sometimes the anterior lip is less correctly called inferior or exterior.


antero-lateral

In front and on the sides.

Meaning: Having foliage like Anthemis (genus name for Chamomile)
Latin Pronunciation: an-them-ih-FOH-lee-uh


anthelmintics

Herbal medicines that can destroy or expel intestinal worms.


Latin Pronunciation: Anth-em-iss
Common Name: Chamonile.

anther

The polliniferous part of a stamen.

Meaning: Resembling Anthemis (genus name for Chamomile)
Latin Pronunciation: an-them-OY-deez

Meaning: Resembles Anthericum (from the Greek antherikon, exagerrated flower; name used for Asphodel
Latin Pronunciation: an-ther-ih-KOP-sis

Meaning: (flower-hedge)
Latin Pronunciation: Anth-ehr-ik-um.

antheriferous

Anther-bearing; containing anthers.


antheridium (pl. antheridia)

In cryptogams, the organ corresponding to an anther that produces male gametes; the male organ on the prothallium.


antheridium (pl. antheridia)

In cryptogams, the organ corresponding to an anther that produces male gametes; the male organ on the prothallium.


antheroid

Similar to an anther.

Meaning: From the Greek anthero (anther) and poros (pore, passage)
Latin Pronunciation: anth-er-oh-POR-um


anther sac

A pocket-shaped unit containing pollen. In many plants, the anther has two lobes, each with two pollen sacs.


anthesis

The time of expansion of a flower.


antherozoid

Sperm, male gamete; one of the minute organs developed in an antheridium.


anthocarp

A pseudocarp consisting of the true fruit and the base of the perianth.

Meaning: Flowering-rod, referring to the narrow corolla-lobes
Latin Pronunciation: anth-oh-SER-sis

Meaning: From the Greek anthos (flower) and chloa (grass)
Latin Pronunciation: anth-oh-KLOH-uh


anthocyanin (adj. anthocyanous)

A blue to purplish-red coloring agent, water soluble.

Meaning: From the Greek anthus (flower) and gonium (angle); refers to the large angle between the flower and the ovary
Latin Pronunciation: an-tho-GO-nee-um

Meaning: Angry flower, from the Greek anthos - flower and lyssa - maddened or enraged. It refers to the gaping mouth of the flower
Latin Pronunciation: anth-o-lee-za

Meaning: Resembles Anthopterus (flower-wing)
Latin Pronunciation: anth-op-ter-OP-sis

Meaning: Bearded flower
Latin Pronunciation: an-tho-POH-gon

Meaning: From the Greek anthos (flower) and spermum (seeds)
Latin Pronunciation: an-tho-SPER-mum

Meaning: From the Greek anthos (flower) and stemma (garland, wreath)
Latin Pronunciation: an-tho-STEM-uh

Meaning: From the Greek anthos (flower) and xanthum (yellow), referring to the color of the panicles
Latin Pronunciation: an-tho-ZAN-thum

Meaning: From the greek anthos (flower) and pteris (wing)
Latin Pronunciation: anth-OP-ter-iss


anthracnose

A fungus that forms grayish/whitish spots on leaves and stems.


anthropic (alt. anthropeic)

Refers to the influences of humankind in contrast to natural influences, such as the introduction of IPM pest controls.


anthropochore (alt. anthropochory)

Dispersal of organisms, such as seeds, as a result of human activity. See also: anemochory.


anthropophilous

Refers to plants which grow near humans and their dwellings, such as dooryard violet,Viola odorata.


anthropogenous

Refers to practices of humans, such as cultivation or monoculture.


Latin Pronunciation: An-thrisk-us.

Meaning: Having foliage like Anthyllis (genus name from the Greek anthos, flower; and ioulos, downy)
Latin Pronunciation: an-thil-lid-ih-FOH-lee-uh


anti-

Against, opposed to.

Meaning: (tail-flower, as to appear-ance)
Latin Pronunciation: An-thew-ree-urn.
Meaning: (downy-flowers)
Latin Pronunciation: iss.

anti-inflammatory

Refers to herbal or other medicines that can ease or neutralize swelling, heat, and pain.

Meaning: Opposite spines, refering to the spines on the base of the leaf blade that are turned backwards
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-uh-KANTH-uh


antiallergenic

Refers to herbal medicines that can reduce or relieve allergic reactions.


antiaphrodisiac

Refers to herbal medicines that can reduce sexual desire.

Meaning: Resembles Antiaris (Latinized form of the Javanese name for the plants poisonous juice which is used as an arrow poison)


Latin Pronunciation: An-tee-viy-riss
Common Name: Upas-tree.

antibiosis

The reaction, often death or sterilization, produced in organisms by an antibiotic.


antibiotic

Substance that slows the growth or multiplication of, or kills, a living organism; usually referring to bacteria.


anticyclone

An air mass with high atmospheric pressure surrounded by lower pressure areas, in which the circulation of the air is clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere.


anticline

A geological structure or arch formed by strata from opposite sides rising upward in a common line. See also: syncline.

Meaning: Antidote
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-DOE-ta-le

Meaning: Anti-dysentery, referring to its medicinal properties for treating this intestinal infection
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-dis-en-TER-ee-ka


Latin Pronunciation: An-tid-dess-muh
Common Name: Bignay.

Meaning: Anti-dysentery, referring to its medicinal properties for treating this intestinal infection
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-dis-en-TER-ee-kum


antifungal

Refers to herbal medicines that can slow the growth or multiplication of fungi, or kill them.

Meaning: (opposite-angle, as to drooping flowers)
Latin Pronunciation: An-tig-oh-non.

antimicrobial

Refers to herbal or other medicines that can slow the growth or multiplication of microorganisms, or kill them.

Meaning: Of or from Antioquia (Columbia)
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-oh-kwee-EN-see


antihistamine

Herbal or other medicines that can neutralize the effect or inhibit production of body histamines.

Meaning: Of the Antilles, archipelago of islands southeast of Florida that separates the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico from the Atlantic Ocean
Latin Pronunciation: an-TILL-ar-um


antipetalous (alt. antepetalous)

Opposite the petals.

Meaning: From the Greek, anti (opposite) and pous (foot), referring to people or places diametrically opposite on the globe
Alternative Meaning:the Antipodes regions of Australia or New Zealand are on the opposite side of the world from the native lands of their European discoverers
Latin Pronunciation: an-te-PO-da
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-TIP-uh-da

Meaning: Of or from Antioquia (Columbia)
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-oh-kwee-EN-sis

Latin Pronunciation: an-tip-od-um
Meaning: of the An tipodes.


antique rose

A rose which has been in cultivation since at least before 1900. Often refers specifically to an Old Garden Rose.

Meaning: Ancient, antique
Latin Pronunciation: an-tik-YOO-oh-en-sis

Meaning: Ancient, antique
Latin Pronunciation: an-ti-KWOR-uh

Latin Pronunciation: an-tik-kwoh-rum
Meaning: of the ancients.

Latin Pronunciation: an-tik-wuss
Meaning: ancient.

Meaning: Ancient, antique
Latin Pronunciation: an-ti-KWOR-us

Meaning: Having flowers like those of Antirrhinum
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-rin-IF-lor-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-tih-rin-IF-lor-uh

Meaning: Having flowers like those of Antirrhinum
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-rin-IF-lor-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-tih-rin-IF-lor-um

Meaning: Having flowers like those of Antirrhinum
Latin Pronunciation: an-tee-rin-IF-lor-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-tih-rin-IF-lor-us

Latin Pronunciation: an-tir-rin-noy-deez
Meaning: Snapdragon-like.

Meaning: (snout-flower)
Latin Pronunciation: An-tihr rye-num
Common Name: Snapdragon.

antiscorbutics

Refers to herbal medicines that provide Vitamin C.


antisepalous (alt. antesepalous)

Opposite the sepals.


antitussive

Refers to herbal medicines that can prevent or ease coughing.


antitumor

Refers to herbal medicines that can prevent or be effective in removing tumors.


antispasmodics

Refers to herbal medicines that can relieve cramping or spasms.


antiviral

Refers to herbal or other medicines that can slow the growth or multiplication of viruses, or kill them.


antrorse

Pointed forward and upward.

Meaning: Ringed
Latin Pronunciation: an-uh-LAH-ta
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:an-uh-LAY-ta

Meaning: Named for Anubis, the Egyptian god of the underworld
Latin Pronunciation: an-YOO-bee-as

Meaning: Latin for ring-stem, referring to the sticky internodal rings
Latin Pronunciation: an-yoo-loh-KAW-liss

Meaning: Greek name for the plant called cleavers (due to its hooked bristles)
Latin Pronunciation: ap-AR-in-nee

Meaning: Of or from the Appenines
Latin Pronunciation: ap-en-NEE-nuh

Meaning: Annual (also spelled annuum)
Latin Pronunciation: AN-yoo-um

Meaning: Not maimed
Latin Pronunciation: a-PER-uh

Meaning: Of or from the Appenines
Latin Pronunciation: ap-en-NEE-num

Latin Pronunciation: ap-pen-nye-nus
Meaning: of the Apennines.


aperiodicity

Irregular occurrence of various phenomena, such as leaves dropping out of season (in summer rather than autumn) due to unexpected climatic changes, i.e., storms, droughts, etc. See also: periodicity.

Meaning: Open
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ert-um

Meaning: Open
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ert-uh


apetalous

Having no petals.

Latin Pronunciation: ap-pert-us
Meaning: bare, uncovered.

Meaning: Without petals
Latin Pronunciation: a-PET-al-uh

Meaning: Without petals
Latin Pronunciation: a-PET-al-um


apex

The top or tip of a structure.

Latin Pronunciation: ap-pet-al-us
Meaning: without petals.

Meaning: A Greek word meaning inconspicuous or obscure
Latin Pronunciation: a-FAN-es

Meaning: From the Greek aphanes (invisible) and anthos (flower), referring to the insignificant blooms
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-ANTH-ee

Meaning: From the Greek aphan (invisible, unseen) and calyx
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-oh-KAL-iks

Meaning: From the Greek aphan (invisible, unseen) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Inconspicuous petals
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-oh-PET-al-lum

Meaning: From the Greek aphanes (inconspicuous) and stephos (garland); refers to the small flower heads
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-OH-stef-us

Meaning: From the Greek aphanes (inconspicuous) and spermum (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-OH-sper-mum


Latin Pronunciation: Af-fel-land-ruh.

Meaning: Little Aphelandra (from the Greek apheles (simple) and amer, (male); referring to the one-celled anther of the flower; also sleek anther)
Latin Pronunciation: af-el-AN-drel-luh


aphotic

The deep zone of an ocean or lake receiving too little sunlight to permit photosynthesis.


aphids

Small, often wingless insects that suck sap.


aphotic zone

The deeper portions of bodies of water in which sunlight does not penetrate with enough intensity to cause changes in organisms. See also: disphotic zone, euphotic zone, photic zone.


aphototropism

The response of an organism in turning away from the source of light. See also: photophobic, photomanic.

Meaning: From the Greek aphan (invisible, unseen) and pleura (side, rib)
Latin Pronunciation: a-fan-oh-PLOOR-uh

Meaning: From the Greek a (without), phyllon (leaf), and anthos (flower); the flowers appear on leafless stems
Latin Pronunciation: a-fill-AN-theez


aphrodisiac

Refers to herbal preparations that can stimulate sexual desire.


aphyllous

Without leaves.

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-FIL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek a (without) phyllon (leaves) and orchis (orchid)
Latin Pronunciation: a-fy-LOR-kis

Latin Pronunciation: af-fill-us
Meaning: without leaves.

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-FIL-um

Meaning: The Apium (celery) family (formerly Umbelliferae)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-pee-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Of bees, to do with bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-an-um


aphytal zone

The deeper portion of a lake bottom that lacks plants, including the sublittoral zone and the profundal zone.

Meaning: Of bees, to do with bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-an-uh

Meaning: Of bees, to do with bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-an-us

Meaning: From the Latin apium (celery) and aster (wild)
Latin Pronunciation: ap-ee-ASS-trum


apical (adj. apically)

1. Borne at the tip of an organ, farthest from the point of attachment, e.g., a bud which terminates a stem. 2. Describes the cells composing the apex of the leaf. They are often broader and shorter than the cells of the middle of the leaf.


apical (adj. apically)

1. Borne at the tip of an organ, farthest from the point of attachment, e.g., a bud which terminates a stem. 2. Describes the cells composing the apex of the leaf. They are often broader and shorter than the cells of the middle of the leaf.


apical dominance

The ability of the apical meristem to produce hormones to prevent side shoots or buds from developing while it is growing.


meristem (alt. apical meristem)

The undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, e.g., the tips of roots or stems; the growing tip.

Meaning: Abrupt, short point
Latin Pronunciation: uh-pik-yoo-LAY-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:uh-pik-yoo-LAH-tuh


apiculate

Having an apicule.

Latin Pronunciation: ap-pik-yew-lay-tus
Meaning: with a pointed tip.

Meaning: Abrupt, short point
Latin Pronunciation: uh-pik-yoo-LAY-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:uh-pik-yoo-LAH-tum


apicule

A short sharp point, not rigid, found at the tip of a leaf, bract, or petal.

Meaning: Brings bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-fer-uh


apiculum (adj. apiculate)

A short, pointed, flexible tip.

Meaning: Brings bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-fer-us

Meaning: Brings bees
Latin Pronunciation: a-PEE-fer-um

Meaning: Celery-like leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ap-ee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Celery-like leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ap-ee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: (for Pear-shaped tuber)
Latin Pronunciation: Ap-pee-os
Common Name: Ground-nut.

Meaning: Celery-like leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ap-ee-FOH-lee-us


Latin Pronunciation: Ay-pee-urn
Common Name: Celery.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (not) and planatus (flat), referring to the undulated leaflets
Latin Pronunciation: a-plan-AY-ta

Meaning: From the Greek a- (not) and planatus (flat), referring to the undulated leaflets
Latin Pronunciation: a-plan-AY-tus


apo-

A prefix denoting away from or separate.


Latin Pronunciation: Ap-oh-sye-num
Common Name: Dogbane.

Meaning: Family name for the dogbane family; from the Greek apo (away from or away with) and kuon (dog)
Latin Pronunciation: a-pos-ih-NAY-see-ay


apocarpous

With carpels separate rather than united. See also: syncarpous.

Meaning: Stalkless
Latin Pronunciation: a-poh-duh

Meaning: (without-spur)
Latin Pronunciation: Ap-plektrum
Common Name: Putty-root, Adam-and-Eve.

Meaning: Flower without a stalk
Latin Pronunciation: ap-oh-DAN-tha

Meaning: Flower without a stalk
Latin Pronunciation: ap-oh-DAN-thus

Meaning: Flower without a stalk
Latin Pronunciation: ap-oh-DAN-thum

Meaning: Variant spelling of apodocarpum, from the Greek a- (without) pod (foot) and karpos (fruit); seeds without feet
Latin Pronunciation: a-pod-ih-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) pod (foot) and karpos (fruit); seeds without feet
Latin Pronunciation: a-pod-oh-KAR-puh

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) pod (foot) and karpos (fruit); seeds without feet. See also Apodicarpum
Latin Pronunciation: a-pod-oh-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) pod (foot) and karpos (fruit); seeds without feet
Latin Pronunciation: a-pod-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Stalkless
Latin Pronunciation: a-poh-dus

Meaning: From the earth
Latin Pronunciation: a-poh-JEE-us

Meaning: Stalkless
Latin Pronunciation: a-poh-dum


apogamous

Developed without fertilization.


apogamy

The formation of a sporophyte from a gametophyte by asexual means such as budding, rather than by sexual fertilization.


apogeotropism

The response by an organism of turning away from the earth, e.g., plant stems growing upward.

Meaning: Named for Apollo, the Greek god of beauty
Latin Pronunciation: ap-pol-LOH-nee-us


apomict (adj. apomictic)

A plant that reproduces by apomixis.


apomorphic

Describes a derived characteristic. See also: autoapomorphic, pleisiomorphic, synapomorphic.


apomixis

Reproduction without fertilization or formation of gametes.

Meaning: (for its aquatic habit)
Latin Pronunciation: Ap-poh-noh-jeet-on.

apopetalous

With separate petals, not united to other petals; choripetalous.

Meaning: Without leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-poh-FIL-um

Meaning: (impenetrable-Cactus) -- Ap-or-oh-kak-tus.

apophysis

See hypophysis, the more correct term according to Braithwaite.

Meaning: Intergeneric hybrid of Aporocactus (impenetrable cactus) and Heliocereus (helios, sun; and cereus, wax candle or torch)
Latin Pronunciation: ap-or-oh-hee-lee-oh-KER-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ap-or-oh-hee-lee-oh-SER-ee-us

Meaning: Intergeneric hybrid of Aporocactus (impenetrable cactus) and Epiphyllum (genus name meaning upon the leaf, referring to flowers appearing to bloom on the leaves)
Latin Pronunciation: ap-or-oh-FY-lum


aposepalous

With separate petals, not united to other petals; chorisepalous.


aposporous

Having the condition of apospory.

Meaning: Impenetrable style
Latin Pronunciation: a-por-oh-STY-lis

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning apostasy; referring to the exclusion of these orchids from the Orchidaceae family
Latin Pronunciation: a-pos-STAY-see-uh


apospory

The formation of a gametophyte from a sporophyte by asexual means without meiosis or spore formation.


apothecium (pl. apothecia)

The open fungus fructification, as a cup or disc, lined with asci.

Meaning: Referring to the Appalachian Mountain range in the eastern U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: ap-uh-lach-ee-AH-na

Meaning: Referring to the Appalachian Mountain range in the eastern U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: ap-uh-lach-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Referring to the Appalachian Mountain range in the eastern U.S.
Latin Pronunciation: ap-uh-lach-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Of or from the Appalachian Mountain range in the eastern U.S.a
Latin Pronunciation: ap-a-LA-chee-ka


appendage

A structure attached to or arising from a larger structure.


appendiculate

Describes cilia with small transverse spurs attached at intervals along the margin. As these bars sometimes extend inward instead of laterally, they are not always visible in a strictly dorsal view.

Meaning: Having small appendages
Latin Pronunciation: ap-pen-dik-yoo-LAY-tuh


apothecium (pl. apothecia)

The open fungus fructification, as a cup or disc, lined with asci.

Meaning: Named for the small appendix on the lip
Latin Pronunciation: ap-pen-DIK-yoo-luh

Latin Pronunciation: ap-pen-dik-yew-/ay tus
Meaning: with an appendage, extension,or added part.


appendix

The long narrow development of the spadix in Araceae.

Meaning: Named for Otto Pater Appert
Latin Pronunciation: ap-per-tee-EL-uh

Meaning: Flattened
Latin Pronunciation: ap-PLAN-a-ta

Meaning: Flattened
Latin Pronunciation: ap-PLAN-a-tum

Latin Pronunciation: ap-plan-nay-tus
Meaning: flattened.


applanate

Pressed; flattened.

Meaning: Having small appendages
Latin Pronunciation: ap-pen-dik-yoo-LAY-tum

Meaning: Named for Dr. Elmer Ivan Applegate, 20th century Oregon naturalist
Latin Pronunciation: ap-el-GAY-tee-eye

Latin Pronunciation: ap-plik-kay-tus
Meaning: joined, attached.


appressed

Lying close and flat against, as a bud against a twig.

Meaning: Loves sun
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ree-kuh


approximate

Located close together and nearly touching.


apron

A layer of hard material like concrete or timber that protects soil from erosion, e.g., pavement at the spillway of a dam.

Meaning: Loves sun
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ree-kum

Meaning: Loves sun
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ree-kus

Meaning: Wingless, referring to seed capsule
Latin Pronunciation: ap-TEN-ee-us


Latin Pronunciation: Ap-teen-ee-uh.

Meaning: Wingless, referring to seed capsule
Latin Pronunciation: ap-TEN-ee-um

Meaning: Wingless
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ter-uh

Meaning: From the Greek apter (wingless) and refers to the fruits
Latin Pronunciation: ap-TER-ee-uh


apterous

With no wings.

Meaning: Wingless
Latin Pronunciation: AP-ter-um

Latin Pronunciation: ap-ter-us
Meaning: wingless.


apud

The connector term used between names when two authors describe the same species in separate publications, e.g., Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. apud Tijdschr.

Meaning: Of or from Apurimac, Peru
Latin Pronunciation: a-pur-ih-MAK-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) pteron (wing) and spermus (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: ap-ter-oh-SPER-muh


aquaculture

1. The raising of fish or other aquatic animals for their commercial value. 2. Hydroponic horticulture.

Meaning: Stalkless
Latin Pronunciation: a-pus

Meaning: Lives in water
Latin Pronunciation: a-KWA-tee-kuh

Meaning: Lives in water
Latin Pronunciation: a-KWA-ti-kum


aquatic plants (alt. aquatics)

Those species whose seeds germinate in water or in bottom soil of bodies of water, usually with submersed or floating leaf types.

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kwat-ik-us
Meaning: aquatic.


aqueduct

A conduit for water, whether canal, pipe, tunnel or a combination of these or others.

Meaning: Growing in water
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wa-TIL-ee

Latin Pronunciation: ak-kwat-il-iss
Meaning: aquatic.


aquifer (alt. aquafer)

A natural holding tank of porous rock or soil locked between impermeable layers in which water may travel long distances.

Latin Pronunciation: ak-wee-us
Meaning: watery.


aquiculture

The use of artificial reefs and other structures to increase the production of seafood in fresh or salt water.

Meaning: The Holly family
Latin Pronunciation: a-kwee-foh-lee-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Holly like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kwee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: (water-drawer; possibly, by an earlier name, for an eagle)
Latin Pronunciation: Ak-wil-leej-ee-uh
Common Name: Columbine.

Meaning: Holly like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kwee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Holly like leaves
Latin Pronunciation: a-kwee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Aquilegia-like leaves (also spelled aquilegiifolia)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-egg-ee-FOH-lee-uh


aquiherbosa

Communities of herbaceous plants growing in ponds and marshes.

Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-ee-jif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: Columbine-like.

Meaning: Aquilegia-like leaves (also spelled aquilegiifolium)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-egg-ee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Aquilegia-like leaves (also spelled aquilegifolius
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-egg-ee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Like an eagle
Latin Pronunciation: ak-will-een-um

Meaning: Aquilegia-like leaves (also spelled aquilegifolia)
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-egg-ee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Aquilegia-like leaves (also spelled aquilegifolium
Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-egg-ee-FOH-lee-um


aquiprata

Communities of plants where the surface water is a necessary factor, as in wet meadows.

Latin Pronunciation: ak-wil-lye-nus
Meaning: aquiline (pertaining to the eagle).

Meaning: Of or from Arabia
Latin Pronunciation: a-RAB-ih-kuh

Meaning: Resembling Arabis (rock-cress)
Latin Pronunciation: a-rab-id-OP-sis

Meaning: Of or from Arabia
Latin Pronunciation: a-RAB-ih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: ar-rab-ik-us
Meaning: of Arabia.


arable land

Land that may immediately be used for farming without clearing trees, draining, etc.


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ak-iss
Common Name: Peanut.

Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ab-iss
Common Name: Rock-cress.

Meaning: The Aroid or Arum family
Latin Pronunciation: a-RAY-see-ay

Meaning: Spider-bearing
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-NIF-er-uh

Meaning: Spider-like
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-NY-tees

Meaning: Spider-like
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-nee-OH-dees

Meaning: From the Greek arachne (spider), referring to the spider-like flowers
Latin Pronunciation: a-RAK-nis

Meaning: Cobwebbed calyx
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-no-KAL-iks


arachnoid (adj. arachnose)

A surface with many fine hairs that appears covered with cobwebs.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-rak-noy-deez
Meaning: spider-like, cob-webby.

Meaning: Spider's web
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-NOY-dee-um

Meaning: Spider's web
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-NOY-dee-us

Meaning: From the Greek araios (thin) and kokkos (berry); referring to the shape of the fruit
Latin Pronunciation: air-ay-oh-KOK-kus

Meaning: Resembling Aralia (Latinized form of old French-Candian name for Aralie)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-ray-lee-OY-deez


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ray-lee-uh.

Meaning: Spider's web
Latin Pronunciation: a-rak-NOY-dee-a

Meaning: With spider webs
Latin Pronunciation: ar-AN-ee-anz

Meaning: Spider-like; like a spider's web
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ah-nee-OH-sa

Meaning: Resembles Aralia (the Latinized form of old French-Candian name for Aralie)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-ray-lee-OP-sis

Meaning: Spider-like; like a spider's web
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ah-nee-OH-sus

Meaning: Bears spiders
Latin Pronunciation: a-ran-ee-fer-a

Meaning: Named for the Arauco Indians of Chile where the plant is native
Latin Pronunciation: air-ah-KAY-nuh

Meaning: Bears spiders
Latin Pronunciation: A-ran-ee-fer-um


araneous

Cobwebby.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-oh-kay-nus
Meaning: from Arancana (So. Chile).


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-raw-kay-ree-uh.

arbor (alt. arbour)

1. A lattice- covered structure with open sides, usually with vines, such as grapes trained across the top. 2. An orchard or a garden devoted to trees.


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-raw-jee-uh.

Meaning: Tree-like
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BOR-ee-uh


arboreal

Of or resembling a tree.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-bor-ress-senz
Meaning: becoming tree like, woody.


arboreous

1. Having many trees. 2. Tree-like.


arborescent

Tree-like in appearance and size.


arboretum (pl. arboreta)

A botanical center devoted to the study and exhibition of trees.

Meaning: Tree-like
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BOR-ee-um

Meaning: Tree dweller
Latin Pronunciation: ar-bor-ee-KO-luh


arboriculture

The cultivation of trees.

Meaning: Small tree
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BUS-ku-lee

Meaning: Tree dweller
Latin Pronunciation: ar-bor-ee-KO-lee

Meaning: Small tree
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BUS-ku-luh

Latin Pronunciation: ar-boh-ree-us
Meaning: tree-like.

Meaning: Planted with or trained on trees
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BUS-tuh

Meaning: Planted with or trained on trees
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BUS-tum

Meaning: Having leaves like Arbutus (Strawberry Tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-bew-tih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Planted with or trained on trees
Latin Pronunciation: ar-BUS-tus

Latin Pronunciation: ar-bew-tif-f oh-lee-us
Meaning: with Arbutus-like leaves.

Meaning: Closed
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-an-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Arb-yew-tus.

Meaning: Having leaves like Arbutus (Strawberry Tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-bew-tih-FOH-lee-uh


arcade

A series of arches with columns or piers; in gardens, usually having trees forming the arched ceiling.

Meaning: Closed
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-an-um


archaeophyte

A plant that existed in prehistoric times.

Meaning: Named after the Archangel Michael
Latin Pronunciation: ark-an-JEL-ih-kuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ark-an-GEL-ih-kuh

Meaning: From the Greek arkeuthos (juniper) and bios (life)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kew-THO-bee-um

Meaning: Named for Richard Archbold, 20th century patron of science and prominent biologist in Flordida (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: arch-bold-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Closed
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-an-us

Meaning: Named for Richard Archbold, 20th century patron of science and prominent biologist in Flordida (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: arch-bold-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Named for Richard Archbold, 20th century patron of science and prominent biologist in Flordida (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: arch-BOLD-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Richard Archbold, 20th century patron of science and prominent biologist in Flordida (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: arch-bold-ee-AH-na


archegonium (pl. archegonia, adj. archegonial, adj. archegoniate)

The flask-shaped female reproductive organs on the prothallium in the higher cryptogams corresponding to a pistil in the flowering plants and containing the egg which becomes the sporophyte. See also: antherozoid.


archegone

The egg cell produced in the archegonium.


archegonium (pl. archegonia, adj. archegonial, adj. archegoniate)

The flask-shaped female reproductive organs on the prothallium in the higher cryptogams corresponding to a pistil in the flowering plants and containing the egg which becomes the sporophyte. See also: antherozoid.


archegonium (pl. archegonia, adj. archegonial, adj. archegoniate)

The flask-shaped female reproductive organs on the prothallium in the higher cryptogams corresponding to a pistil in the flowering plants and containing the egg which becomes the sporophyte. See also: antherozoid.

Meaning: Named for William Archer, 19th century Australian botanist and botanical illustrator
Latin Pronunciation: arch-ER-ee-uh

Meaning: Possibly named for William Archer, 19th century Australian botanist and botanical illustrator, since this species of Lagerstroemia is native to Australia
Latin Pronunciation: arch-er-AH-nuh


archibenthic zone (adj. archibenthal)

The ocean layers between 200 feet and 3300 feet (65 and 1050 m.)l; the upper part of the abyssal zone.

Meaning: From the Greek arche (power, sovereignty, and dendron (tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kee-DEN-dron

Meaning: Named for William Archer, 19th century Australian botanist and botanical illustrator
Latin Pronunciation: ARCH-er-eye

Meaning: Resembles Archidendron, from the Greek arche (power, sovereignty, and dendron (tree)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kee-den-DROP-sis


arching

Curved gently outward and then downward; generally said of stems, large leaves, and floral clusters.

Meaning: (majestic-Phoenix)
Latin Pronunciation: Ark-on-toh-fee-nix
Common Name: King Palm.

architectural

Describes plants that have very strong shapes and are used in landscapes for this reason.

Meaning: Northern-flower
Latin Pronunciation: ark-TAN-the-mum


arctic-alpine

Refers to areas which are mountainous, above the tree line, and north of the arctic circle.


arctic

Describes an extremely cold climate, particularly that of the polar regions.

Meaning: Of or from the Arctic regions
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-tik-uh

Meaning: Of or from the Arctic regions
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-tik-um

Latin Pronunciation: ark-tik-us
Meaning: of the arctic.

Meaning: From the Greek arktos (bear) and mekon (poppy); refers to the hairiness of this poppy
Latin Pronunciation: ark-to-MEE-kon

Meaning: From the Greek arction, which is the name of a plant (perhaps a mullein); Pliny called itarcturus
Latin Pronunciation: ARK-tee-um

Meaning: Arctic-loving
Latin Pronunciation: ark-TOH-fy-luh

Meaning: Arctic-loving
Latin Pronunciation: ark-TOH-fy-lus

Meaning: Resembling a bear
Latin Pronunciation: ark-toh-POY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek arktos (bear) and theka (cup or container)
Latin Pronunciation: ark-toh-THEK-uh

Meaning: (bear's-ear)
Latin Pronunciation: Ark-toh-tiss.
Meaning: (bear-grape)
Latin Pronunciation: Ark-toh staff-il-os
Common Name: Bearberry, Manzanita.

Meaning: From the Greek arktos (bear) and ura (tail or stern)
Latin Pronunciation: ark-TUR-us


arcuate

1. Moderately curved. 2. In mosses, refers to a capsule bent in a curve like a bow.

Meaning: Bow-shaped or arched (like a rainbow)
Latin Pronunciation: ark-yoo-AY-tum

Meaning: (pointed, as to stamens)
Latin Pronunciation: Ard diz-ee-uh.

Meaning: Bow-shaped or arched (like a rainbow)
Latin Pronunciation: ark-yoo-AY-tuh

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning steep, high or lofty
Latin Pronunciation: ARD-yoo-a

Latin Pronunciation: ark-yew-ay-tus
Meaning: bowed, bowlike.

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning steep, high or lofty
Latin Pronunciation: ARD-yoo-us


area

The total range in which a taxon or community may be found. See also: basal area, coverage.


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-reek-uh.

Meaning: From the Latin, meaning steep, high or lofty
Latin Pronunciation: ARD-yoo-um

Meaning: The Palm family (formerly Palmae)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ek-AY-see-ay


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ek-kast-rum
Common Name: Queen Palm.

Meaning: Named for Jos? Arechavaleta, 19th century Spanish naturalist and professor of Medical Botany in Montevideo; specialized in the flora of Uruguay
Latin Pronunciation: ar-eh-kav-uh-LET-ay-ee

Meaning: Diminutive of Areca (latinized form of vernacular name for palms used by South Indian natives)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-SEE-na

Meaning: Diminutive of Areca (latinized form of vernacular name for palms used by South Indian natives)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-SEE-num

Meaning: Diminutive of Areca (latinized form of vernacular name for palms used by South Indian natives)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-SEE-nus


areg

A sand desert.

Meaning: (for botanist C. von Re gel)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-rej-eel-ee-uh.
Meaning: (for sand)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ren-nay-ree-uh
Common Name: Sandwort.

arenaceous

1. Describes a sandy soil. 2. Growing in sandy soil.

Meaning: Resembling Arenaria (from the Latin arena, meaning sand)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-ar-ee-OY-deez

Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-nay-ree-us
Meaning: of the sands, of sandy places.

Meaning: Latinized form of areng, the Malayan name for palm
Latin Pronunciation: aw-REN-guh

Meaning: Named for George Arends, 19th century German nurseryman
Latin Pronunciation: ar-END-see-eye

Meaning: From the Latin arena (sand), referring to its native sandy habitat
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-AR-ee-um

Meaning: Inhabiting or dwelling in sandy places
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-EE-koh-luh

Meaning: Inhabiting or dwelling in sandy places
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-EE-koh-lus

Meaning: Inhabiting or dwelling in sandy places
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-EE-koh-lum


arenicolous

Refers to organisms which live where there is sandy subsoil.

Meaning: Very sandy
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-OH-suh

Meaning: Very sandy
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-OH-sum


areola (pl. areolae)

A space enclosed by anastomosing veinlets.


areography

The study that deals with the range of a species. See also: area.

Meaning: Marked out in small areas; areolate
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Very sandy
Latin Pronunciation: ar-en-OH-sus


areola (pl. areolae)

A space enclosed by anastomosing veinlets.


areolation

The network formed by the outlines of the cells of a leaf.


areole (adj. areolate)

1. The space between veins of a leaf or a similar partition. 2. A small pit or cavity marked out upon a surface. 3. The area from which hairs, spines, flowers, or branches may arise in Cactaceae.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-lay-tus
Meaning: pitted (areolate).

Meaning: Deriviative uncertain; possibly from the Mt. Argaeus (now Kasaria) region of Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: AR-gee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-GAY-uh


areolate

Having areolae; marked out into small spaces; reticulate.

Meaning: (for mythical nymph)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-eth-thew-suh.

Meaning: Deriviative uncertain; possibly from the Mt. Argaeus (now Kasaria) region of Turkey
Latin Pronunciation: AR-gee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-GAY-um

Meaning: (for an eye disease for which this may have been remedial)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-jem-on-ee
Common Name: Prickly-poppy.

Meaning: Latinized form of the Moroccan name for these plants
Latin Pronunciation: ar-GAN-ee-uh

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-TAY-tuh

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-TAY-tum

Latin Pronunciation: arj-en-tay-tus
Meaning: silvery, silvered.

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-JEN-tee-uh

Meaning: Silvery striped
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-tee-oh-stry-AY-tum

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-JEN-tee-um

Meaning: Silvery striped
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-tee-oh-stry-AY-tus

Meaning: Silvery striped
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-tee-oh-stry-AY-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-tee-us
Meaning: silvery.

Meaning: From Latin: argenteus (silver) and pallium (mantle); a reference to the silvery indumentum that covers leaves and branches of some species
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-tee-PAL-lee-um

Meaning: Name refers to Argentinus, son of Aesculanus and god of silver money
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jen-TEE-nuh

Meaning: Shining, white leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-go-FIL-uh

Meaning: Shining, white leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-go-FIL-um


argillaceous

Like clay, growing in clay, or clay-colored.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-goh-fill-us
Meaning: silver- leaved.

Meaning: Silver leaved
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ger-o-fi-luss

Meaning: Of or from the Argun region of Russia and China
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gun-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-gun-EN-say

Meaning: Of or from the Argun region of Russia and China
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gun-EN-sis

Meaning: Sharp toothed
Latin Pronunciation: ar-GOO-tuh

Meaning: Silver leaved
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ger-o-fi-lum

Meaning: With sharply-pointed leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gew-tih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With sharply-pointed leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gew-tih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Sharp toothed
Latin Pronunciation: ar-GOO-tum

Meaning: With sharply-pointed leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gew-tih-FOH-lee-us

Latin Pronunciation: ar-gew-tus
Meaning: sharp-toothed.

Meaning: Shiny silver
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-ree-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ar-jee-ree-us
Meaning: silvery.

Meaning: Shiny silver
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-ree-um

Meaning: Named for Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll and 18th century Scottish nobelman
Latin Pronunciation: ar-GY-lee-uh

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-RAY-tuh

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-RAY-tum

Meaning: Silvery
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-RAY-tus

Meaning: Silvery flowers
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ji-RAN-the-mum

Meaning: Shiny silver
Latin Pronunciation: ar-JY-ree-a

Meaning: (silvery, as to under-leaves)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-jih-ree-uh.

Meaning: Having silver carpel (or fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gee-roh-KAR-puh

Meaning: Shiny silver
Latin Pronunciation: ar-JY-ree-um

Meaning: Shiny silver
Latin Pronunciation: ar-JY-ree-us

Meaning: From the Greek argyros (silver) and chosma (powder), referring to powdery farina on the leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ar-jy-roh-KOS-ma

Meaning: Silver-haired
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-KOH-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-jy-roh-KOH-muh

Meaning: Silver-haired
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-KOH-mum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-jy-roh-KOH-mum

Meaning: From the Greek argyro (silver) and Cytisus (a kind of clover)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-SIT-ih-sus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-SIT-ih-sus

Meaning: Silver skin
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-ro-DERM-uh

Meaning: Silver-haired
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-KOH-mus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-jy-roh-KOH-mus

Meaning: From the Greek argyro (silver) and glottis (tongue)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-GLOT-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-GLOT-iss

Meaning: From the Greek argyro (silver) and lobos (pod, capsule)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-ro-LOH-bee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-LOH-bee-um

Meaning: Silver veined
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ji-roh-NOOR-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-NYUR-um

Meaning: Silver veined
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ji-roh-NOOR-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-NYUR-uh

Meaning: Silver veined
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ji-roh-NOOR-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-NYUR-us

Meaning: From the Greek argyros (silver) and sperma (seed)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-SPER-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing: ar-ji-roh-SPER-muh

Meaning: From the Greek argyro (silver) and xiphos (sword)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-gy-roh-ZIF-ee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ji-roh-ZIF-ee-um


arid (n. aridity)

Xeric, extremely dry.

Meaning: Dry land
Latin Pronunciation: AR-id-um

Meaning: Silver leaved
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ger-o-fi-lah

Meaning: Dry land
Latin Pronunciation: AR-id-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-rid-day-ree-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-id-us
Meaning: dry (arid).

Meaning: Ram's head
Latin Pronunciation: air-REE-tee-num

Meaning: Ram's head
Latin Pronunciation: air-REE-tee-nuh

Latin Pronunciation: ar-ree-et-tye-nus
Meaning: like a ram's head.

Meaning: Halberd or arrow-shaped foliage
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Halberd or arrow-shaped foliage
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-FOH-lee-us


aril

A fleshy appendage growing at or about the hilum of a seed.

Meaning: Halberd or arrow-shaped foliage
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-FOH-lee-um


arillate

Having an aril.


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-ree-oh-karp-us.

Meaning: Name used by by Dioschorides for A. vulgare
Latin Pronunciation: air-ISS-ar-um


arista (pl. aristae)

A bristle-like appendage, like the awn of grasses.


aristate (syn. awned)

1. Describes a leaf which terminates in a stiff, bristle-like tip. 2. Awned; provided with stiffish bristle-shaped appendages.

Meaning: Long bristle tip
Latin Pronunciation: a-ris-TAH-tuh


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-riss-seem-uh.

Meaning: Long bristle tip
Latin Pronunciation: a-ris-TAH-tum

Latin Pronunciation: ar-riss-tay-tus
Meaning: bearded.

Meaning: (stiff, as to leaf points)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-riss-tee-uh.

Meaning: From the Greek meaning awn
Latin Pronunciation: ar-RISS-ti-duh


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-rist-oh-loh-kee-uh
Common Name: Birthwort.

Meaning: Resembling Aristolochia (genus name from the Greek Aristo, best, and lochia, delivery; referring to the medicinal qualities of the plant in helping childbirth)
Latin Pronunciation: a-ris-toh-loh-kee-OY-deez

Meaning: Bearded
Latin Pronunciation: a-ris-TOE-suh

Meaning: Bearded
Latin Pronunciation: a-ris-TOE-sum

Latin Pronunciation: ar-riss-toh-sus
Meaning: bearded.

Meaning: (for Aristotle)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-rist-oh-teel-ee-uh.

Meaning: Of or from Arizona (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-zoh-NEN-sis

Meaning: Of or from Arizona (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-zoh-NEN-see


aristulate

Having a small awn.

Meaning: Of or from Arizona (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-ZAWN-ih-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Arkansas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kan-SAH-num

Meaning: Of or from Arizona (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: air-ih-ZAWN-ih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: ar-iz-zon-ik-us
Meaning: of or from Arizona.

Meaning: Of or from Arkansas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kan-SAH-nus

Meaning: Named for Pere Armand, 19th century French missionary and plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MOND-ee-eye

Meaning: Armed, spiney
Latin Pronunciation: arm-AH-tuh

Meaning: Of or from Arkansas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-kan-SAH-nuh

Meaning: From the Latin armatus (armed with thorns); very thorny
Latin Pronunciation: arm-ah-TISS-ih-mus

Meaning: From the Latin armatus (armed with thorns) and cereus (cactus)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-mat-oh-KER-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-mat-oh-SER-ee-us

Meaning: Armed, spiney
Latin Pronunciation: arm-AH-tum

Meaning: From the Latin armatus (armed with thorns); very thorny
Latin Pronunciation: arm-ah-TISS-ih-ma


armature

1. The basic framework of an object or organism. 2. A protective covering or other kind of defense, e.g., thorns.

Latin Pronunciation: arm-may-tus
Meaning: armed (as with thorns).

Meaning: Armenian; or apricot coloured
Latin Pronunciation: ar-men-ee-AH-kum

Meaning: Armenian; or apricot coloured
Latin Pronunciation: ar-men-ee-AH-kuh

Meaning: Armenian
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEE-nuh

Meaning: Of or from Armenia
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Armenian; or apricot coloured
Latin Pronunciation: ar-men-ee-AH-kus

Meaning: Of or from Armenia
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEN-ee-um

Meaning: Armenian
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEE-num

Meaning: Of or from Armenia
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEN-ee-us

Meaning: Armenian
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MEE-nus


Latin Pronunciation: Arm-meer-ee-uh
Common Name: Thrift, Sea- pink.

Meaning: From the Latin for Dianthus
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MER-ee-um

Meaning: From the Latin armilla (bracelet); the reason for the name is obscure, but it is also used in the common name, bracelet honey-myrtle
Latin Pronunciation: arm-il-LAR-ee

Meaning: From the Latin armilla (bracelet); the reason for the name is obscure, but it is also used in the common name, bracelet honey-myrtle
Latin Pronunciation: arm-il-LAIR-iss

Meaning: From the Latin for Dianthus
Latin Pronunciation: ar-MER-ee-us

Meaning: An old name for the genus
Latin Pronunciation: ar-mor-AY-shee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-mor-AY-shuh

Meaning: Of or from Armorica (Latin name for modern-day Brittany in northwestern France; its name was derived from the Celtic ar (on) and mor (sea), referring to its seaside location)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-mor-ee-kAH-na
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-mor-ee-KAY-na

Meaning: Of or from Armorica (Latin name for modern-day Brittany in northwestern France; its name was derived from the Celtic ar (on) and mor (sea), referring to its seaside location)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-mor-ee-kAH-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-mor-ee-KAY-num

Meaning: Of or from Armorica (Latin name for modern-day Brittany in northwestern France; its name was derived from the Celtic ar (on) and mor (sea), referring to its seaside location)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-mor-ee-kAH-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-mor-ee-KAY-nus


Latin Pronunciation: Arn-ik-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: Arn-nee-bee-uh.

Meaning: From the Greek arnos (lamb) and glossa (tongue)
Latin Pronunciation: arn-oh-GLOS-sum

Meaning: For the Arnold Arboretum, in Boston, Massachusettes (U.S.), and indirectly its benefactor, James Arnold, 19th century New England merchant
Latin Pronunciation: ar-nold-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: For the Arnold Arboretum, in Boston, Massachusettes (U.S.), and indirectly its benefactor, James Arnold, 19th century New England merchant
Latin Pronunciation: ar-nold-ee-AY-num

Meaning: For the Arnold Arboretum, in Boston, Massachusettes (U.S.), and indirectly its benefactor, James Arnold, 19th century New England merchant
Latin Pronunciation: ar-nold-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Dr. Joseph Arnold, 18th century naturalist, working under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of the British colony in Sinagpore
Latin Pronunciation: ar-NOL-dee-eye

Meaning: Named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, 19th century Scottish botanist and Professor of Botany at Glasgow University
Latin Pronunciation: ar-not-ee-AH-nuh

Meaning: Lamb-chicory
Latin Pronunciation: ar-no-SER-iss


aromatic

Having a spicy odor, at least when crushed.

Meaning: Named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, 19th century Scottish botanist and Professor of Botany at Glasgow University
Latin Pronunciation: ar-not-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, 19th century Scottish botanist and Professor of Botany at Glasgow University
Latin Pronunciation: ar-not-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Aromatic, strong smelling
Latin Pronunciation: ar-oh-MAT-ih-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Aroania Mountains, Greece
Latin Pronunciation: a-roh-AY-nee-um

Latin Pronunciation: ar-roh-mat-ik-us
Meaning: aromatic.

Meaning: Aromatic, strong smelling
Latin Pronunciation: ar-oh-MAT-ih-kum


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-roh-nee-uh
Common Name: Chokeberry.

aromatics

Refers to herbal medicines that have a pleasing odor and pungent taste.

Meaning: Named for Antonio da Arrabida, an early 19th century bishop in Brazil
Latin Pronunciation: ar-rab-id-DEE-uh

Meaning: From the Greek arpe (sickle) and phyllon (leaf); referring to the leaf shape
Latin Pronunciation: ar-poh-FILL-um

Meaning: Latinized form of the Spanish name for these plants
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ra-KAW-chee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-ra-KAW-see-uh


arrangement

A nontechnical term that refers to the way things are put together, e.g., an inflorescence may be described by the arrangement of the flowers, or leaves can be arranged opposite or alternate.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-rek-tus
Meaning: raised, erect.

Meaning: Erect, upright
Latin Pronunciation: ar-REK-tuh

Meaning: Erect, upright
Latin Pronunciation: ar-REK-tum

Meaning: From the Greek arren (male) and anther (bristle); the male flowers have awns or bristles; occasionally spelled Arrhenantherum
Latin Pronunciation: ah-ren-AH-ther-um

Meaning: Without roots
Latin Pronunciation: ar-REEZ-uh


arrhythmic

Refers to activity which is not dependent upon light or dark. See also: diurnal, nocturnal.


arroyo

A watercourse, gully, or channel carved by water, often dry.

Meaning: Named for Dr. Miguel Arrojadoa Lisboa, botanical explorer
Latin Pronunciation: ar-roh-HA-doh-uh


ARS

An acronym representing the name the American Rose Society, a nonprofit, educational organization dedicated to the cultivation and enjoyment of roses.

Meaning: (suspended-grapes)
Latin Pronunciation: Art-tab-ot-riss
Common Name: Tail-grape.

Meaning: Resembles Artemesia (Named for the goddess Artemis in Greek mythology, who so benefitted from a plant of this family that she gave it her own name)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-tem-miz-ee-OP-sis

Meaning: Having foliage similar to Artemisia (named for the Greek goddess Artemis)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-te-miz-ee-eye-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: (for wife of Mausolus)
Latin Pronunciation: Art em-miz-ee-uh
Common Name: Wormwood.

Meaning: Having foliage similar to Artemisia (named for the Greek goddess Artemis)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-te-miz-ee-eye-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Bearing a resemblance to plants in the Artemisia genus
Latin Pronunciation: ar-tem-iss-ee-OY-dees

Meaning: Having foliage similar to Artemisia (named for the Greek goddess Artemis)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-te-miz-ee-eye-FOH-lee-us


arthropod

Insect, crab, spider, centipede, or other animal from the phylum Arthropoda.

Meaning: From the Greek arthron (joint) and cereus (cactus)
Latin Pronunciation: ar-throh-KER-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-throh-SER-ee-us

Meaning: From the Greek arthros (jointed) and cheilus (lip), referring to the jointed labellum
Latin Pronunciation: arth-roh-KY-lus

Meaning: From the greek arthro (jointed) and pteris (fern)
Latin Pronunciation: arth-roh-TER-iss


article

A segment of a jointed stem.

Meaning: (jointed-foot)
Latin Pronunciation: Arth roh-poh-dee-um.

Meaning: Having joints, jointed
Latin Pronunciation: ar-tik-oo-LAH-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-tik-yoo-LAH-tuh


articulate (syn. articulated)

1. Having a swollen area, often discolored, at the node. 2. With a joint, often on a zigzag stem.

Latin Pronunciation: art-ik-yew-lay-tus
Meaning: jointed.

Meaning: Having joints, jointed
Latin Pronunciation: ar-tik-oo-LAH-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-tik-yoo-LAH-tum


artifact

1. A structure or appearance in a tissue due to death or the use of a reagent, and not present during life. 2. A product of human workmanship found on archeological digs.


artificial selection

The intentional human manipulation within a population to produce a desired evolutionary response. See also: natural selection.


artificial stocking

The introduction of animals from another area, such as providing streams with new species of fish or bringing gamebirds into an area where they are scarce.

Meaning: ( bread-fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: Art-oh-k arp-us
Common Name: Bread-fruit.

Meaning: Derivation unknown
Latin Pronunciation: ar-TOR-im-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-tor-EE-muh

Meaning: (the classical name)
Latin Pronunciation: Ar-runk-us
Common Name: Goats-beard.

Meaning: From the Latin Arundo (reed)
Latin Pronunciation: a-run-DEE-nuh

Meaning: Like a reed
Latin Pronunciation: a-run-din-uh-KEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-run-din-uh-SEE-uh


Latin Pronunciation: Ay-rum.

arundinaceous

Reed-like.

Meaning: Like a reed
Latin Pronunciation: a-run-din-uh-KEE-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-run-din-uh-SEE-um


Latin Pronunciation: Ar-run-din-nay-ree-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: ar-run-din-nay-see-us
Meaning: reed-like.

Meaning: Diminutive form of the genus Arundo (reed)
Latin Pronunciation: a-run-din-EL-uh

Meaning: Of or from Arvas, in northern Spain
Latin Pronunciation: ar-VAT-ih-kum

Meaning: Reed
Latin Pronunciation: a-RUN-doh

Meaning: Of farmed or cultivated land
Latin Pronunciation: ar-VEN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ar-VEN-say

Meaning: Stinking mastic; also spelled assa-foetida
Latin Pronunciation: ass-uh-FET-uh-duh

Meaning: Of or from Arvas, in northern Spain
Latin Pronunciation: ar-VAT-ih-ka

Latin Pronunciation: arv-ven-siss
Meaning: of cultivated ground.

Meaning: Having leaves like Asarum (Ginger)
Latin Pronunciation: as-air-ee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: From the Spanish for Antirrhinum (Snapdragon)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ar-ee-na
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-suh-REE-nuh


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-uh-um
Common Name: Wild Ginger.

Meaning: Asarum-like
Latin Pronunciation: as-ar-OY-deez

Meaning: Of or from Ashkelon, Palestine, from whence the English word shallot is derived
Latin Pronunciation: as-kal-LOH-nik-uh

Meaning: Of or from Ashkelon, Palestine, from whence the English word shallot is derived
Latin Pronunciation: as-kal-LOH-nik-um

Latin Pronunciation: ass-send-enz
Meaning: ascending, turning upward.

Meaning: Of or from Ashkelon, Palestine, from whence the English word shallot is derived
Latin Pronunciation: as-kal-LOH-nik-us


ascus (pl. asci)

The reproductive cell (meiotangium) of a fungus containing usually eight ascospores.

Meaning: The Asclepias (milkweed) family
Latin Pronunciation: ass-kle-pee-ad-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Like Asclepias
Latin Pronunciation: ass-cle-peeAD-ee-um

Meaning: Like Asclepias
Latin Pronunciation: ass-kle-pee-AD-ee-uh


ascending

Rising somewhat obliquely, or curving upward. Ascending ovule: one that is attached above the base of the ovary and is directed upward.

Meaning: From the Greek Asklepios and dorca (gift); hence a gift from Asklepios and referring to its resemblance to Asclepias
Latin Pronunciation: ass-kle-pee-oh-DOR-uh

Meaning: Combination of Ascocentrum (ascos, bag and kentron, spur) and Vanda (from a Sanskrit word referring to this genus)
Latin Pronunciation: as-koh-SEN-duh

Meaning: Like Asclepias
Latin Pronunciation: ass-cle-peeAD-ee-us


Latin Pronunciation: Ass - kleep - ee - ass
Common Name: Milkweed.

Meaning: From the Greek ascos (bag) and kentron (center or spur)
Latin Pronunciation: as-koh-SEN-trum

Meaning: From the Greek askos (bag, bladder) and cheilus (lip)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ko-KY-lus

Meaning: Resembles Ascochilus (from the Greek askos, bag, bladder; and chilus, lip)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-koh-ky-LOP-sis


ascogonium

The special hypha from which the fertile hyphae develop to produce asci.


ascus (pl. asci)

The reproductive cell (meiotangium) of a fungus containing usually eight ascospores.

Meaning: From the Greek ascos (bag) and glossum (tongue); refers to the tongue-like shape of the lip
Latin Pronunciation: as-koh-GLOS-sum


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-sye-rum.

ascomycete

A fungus producing asci.


asepalous

Without sepals.


aseptate

With no partitions or divisions.


asexual propagation

The propagation of plants through means other than fertilization, including layering, cuttings, tissue cultures, and the division of clumps.


asexual

Lacking sexual characteristics as in a sterile ray floret; or when referring to reproduction, occurring without the fusion of egg and sperm.

Meaning: Named for William Willard Ashe, early 20th century American botanist
Latin Pronunciation: ASH-ee-eye


asexual reproduction

Not involving or requiring fertilization and meiosis.

Meaning: Asia and Asarum, a name used by Dioscorides for this plant
Latin Pronunciation: ay-zha-SAIR-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ay-see-uh-SAIR-um


ashlar

1. Dressed, finely- jointed stonework, usually having a polished surface and sometimes consisting merely of a facing for a wall of rubble or brick. 2. The stones used in this stonework.

Meaning: Of or from Asia
Latin Pronunciation: a-see-AT-ee-kum

Meaning: Of or from Asia
Latin Pronunciation: a-see-AT-ee-kuh


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-sim-in-uh.

Latin Pronunciation: ay-zee-at-ik-us
Meaning: Asiatic.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-par-ag-goy-deez
Meaning: Asparagus-like.


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-par-ag-us.

aspect

1. The appearance of vegetation during one of the seasons of the year, e.g., the vernal aspect. 2. The direction toward which a slope is facing, e.g., the southern aspect.


aspection

The change in the appearance of vegetation and its visible attributes during the succession of seasons of the year, as budding in prevernal, flowers in vernal, green fruit in estival, ripe fruit in serotinal, and bare branches in hibernal.

Meaning: Named for Aspasia, the beautiful mistress of the Athenian statesman Pericles
Latin Pronunciation: a-SPAY-zee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ass-per
Meaning: rough.

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: AS-per-uh

Meaning: Roughened
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-AH-tuh

Meaning: Roughened
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-AH-tum

Meaning: Rough-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: ass-per-ray-tus
Meaning: rough.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-per-ik-kaw-liss
Meaning: rough-stemmed.


asperous

With a rough surface.

Meaning: Rough-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Rough-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Scattered
Latin Pronunciation: ass-PER-suh

Latin Pronunciation: ass-pehr-rim-us
Meaning: very rough.

Meaning: Scattered
Latin Pronunciation: ass-PER-sum

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: as-per-roo-go

Meaning: Scattered
Latin Pronunciation: ass-PER-sus

Meaning: (roughish, as to leaves)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-pehr-yew-luh
Common Name: Woodruff.

asperulate

Somewhat rough to the touch.

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: as-PAIR-uh-lum


asperulous

Refers to a surface with short, hard projections.

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: as-PAIR-uh-lus

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: ASS-per-um

Meaning: Rough
Latin Pronunciation: ASS-per-us


Latin Pronunciation: Ass - foh - del - lye - nee
Common Name:Jacob's rod.

Meaning: The Asphodelus family (a lily-like plant whose roots were eaten)
Latin Pronunciation: as-foh-del-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Like Asphodel
Latin Pronunciation: ass-fo-del-oy-dees

Meaning: (small - round - shield, for shape of stigma)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-pid-dist-ruh.

Meaning: From the Greek aspidos (shield) and glossus (tongue)
Latin Pronunciation: as-pid-oh-GLOS-um

Meaning: From the Greek aspidos (shield) and nepsis (vigilant, watchful)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-pid-oh-NEP-sis

Meaning: From the Greek aspidion (shield), meaning shield-bearer
Latin Pronunciation: ass-pid-OH-tis


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-fod-el-us
Common Name: Asphodel.

Meaning: Having foliage like Asplenium (genus name for Spleenwort)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-plee-ni-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: From the Greek aspidion (small shield) and sperma (seed); refers to the seed-form
Latin Pronunciation: as-pid-oh-SPER-muh

Meaning: Having foliage like Asplenium (genus name for Spleenwort)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-plee-ni-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Resembling Asplenium (genus name for Spleenwort)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-plee-nee-OY-deez

Meaning: (not-the-spleen, as to medicinal use)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass - pleen - ee - urn
Common Name:Spleenwort.

Meaning: Resembles Asplenium (without spleen, referring to medicinal properties)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-plee-nee-OP-sis

Meaning: Rough, scaly
Latin Pronunciation: as-pra-TIL-ee

Meaning: Rough, scaly
Latin Pronunciation: as-pra-TIL-is

Meaning: From the Greek asplenum (without a spleen) and sorus (heap)
Latin Pronunciation: as-plee-no-SO-rus


assimilation

Cellular conversion of raw materials into structures useful to a plant, such as cell walls and protoplasm.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-sim-il-iss
Meaning: like, similar to (another plant or form).


association complex

A group of associations which occurs in a defined area.

Meaning: Alternate spelling of asa-foetida, means tinking mastic
Latin Pronunciation: ass-uh-FET-uh-duh


association segregate

A climax community which has changed from the original community, like a mature beech-maple association appearing from a mixed deciduous forest.


association fragment

A stand of plants that requires other characteristics to meet community standards.


association table (syn. synthesis table, syn. stand table)

A list of species that occurs in several stands of an association or community, including data on characteristics such as abundance, cover, vitality, etc.


assortative breeding (syn. assortative mating)

The pairing of male and female organisms in a manner that involves more than chance, so that the mating of similar parents is encouraged.


associes

A temporary community in developmental stage.

Latin Pronunciation: ass-serj-enz
Meaning: clambering.


assurgent

Ascending.

Meaning: Having flowers in ascending clusters
Latin Pronunciation: as-sur-jen-tih-FLOR-uh

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) and stele (trunk or pillar)
Latin Pronunciation: a-STEL-ee-a
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:a-STEE-lee-a

Meaning: Named for Astarte, a Phoenician goddess; alternatively, referring to the starry flowers
Latin Pronunciation: as-STAR-tee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Astelia (genus name meaning without stem)
Latin Pronunciation: a-stel-ee-ih-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: (star)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-ter.

asterean

Belonging to or similar to plants of the aster family, Compositae.

Meaning: From the Latin aster (star) and anthera (anther), referring to the star-like joining of the anthers
Latin Pronunciation: as-ter-AN-ther-uh

Meaning: Starred
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TEER-ee-as

Meaning: Of stars, starry
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TER-ih-kus

Meaning: From the Greek asteriskos, diminutive of Aster (genus name meaning ray
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ter-IS-kus

Latin Pronunciation: ass-ter-roy-deez
Meaning: Aster-

Meaning: Aster-like
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ter-OH-mee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek astros (star) and gyne (female)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ter-ROH-gy-nee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ass-ter-roh-JY-nee

Meaning: Not spotted
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TIK-tuh

Meaning: Not spotted
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TIK-tum

Meaning: The Aster (daisy) family; formerly Compositae
Latin Pronunciation: ass-ter-AY-see-ay

Meaning: Not spotted
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TIK-tus

Meaning: Rsembling Astilbe
Latin Pronunciation: a-stil-BOY-dees


astomous

In mosses, refers to a capsule without a mouth. Used of capsules which have no regularly dehiscent lid or operculum.

Meaning: (not-shining)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-till-bee.

Meaning: Of the Astrakhan region, near the Caspian Sea
Latin Pronunciation: as-tra-KAY-nih-kuh

Meaning: Named for Bernard Cracroft Aston, 20th century agricultural chemist who collected the plant in New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: as-TON-ee-eye


Latin Pronunciation: Ass-trag-al-us
Common Name: Milk Vetch.

astragaloid

Cubical.

Meaning: (star-like, as to umbels)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-trant-ee-uh
Common Name: Masterwort.

astringent

An herbal preparation that shrinks and firms tissue, particularly the skin.

Meaning: From the Greek astro (star) and Carya (walnut)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-tro-KAR-ee-um

Meaning: From Latin astrum, meaning star
Latin Pronunciation: ah-STRAY-liss

Meaning: From the Greek astron (star) and lepis (scale), referring to the scales on the blade surface (ref. genus Astrolepis)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-LEP-iss

Meaning: From the Greek astro (star) and loma (edge or fringe); referring to fringe within the floral tube
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-LOH-muh

Meaning: Variant (likely misspelled) of austromontana (south or southern mountains)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-MON-tah-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ass-troh-mon-TAY-nuh

Meaning: From the Greek astron (star) and lobos (lobe); refers to the star-spreading lobes of the perigon
Latin Pronunciation: ass-TROH-low-buh

Meaning: Variant (likely misspelled) of austromontanum (south or southern mountains)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-MON-tah-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ass-troh-mon-TAY-num

Meaning: Variant (likely misspelled) of austromontanus (south or southern mountains)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-MON-tah-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ass-troh-mon-TAY-nus

Meaning: From the Greek astro (star) and phyto (plant)
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-FY-tuh

Meaning: From the Greek astron (star) and phyton (plant); refers to the form of the plant
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-FY-ton

Meaning: From the Greek astron (star) and thrix (hair), a reference to the star-shaped hairs on leaves and stems
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-TRY-kuh

Meaning: From the Greek astron (star) and thrix (hair), a reference to the star-shaped hairs on leaves and stems
Latin Pronunciation: ass-troh-TRY-kus


astylous

Lacking a style.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without, none) and summetria (proportion)
Latin Pronunciation: a-sim-MET-ree-kuh


asymmetrical

Having a different shape on each side of a central axis.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without, none) and summetria (proportion)
Latin Pronunciation: a-sim-MET-ree-kum

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without, none) and summetria (proportion)
Latin Pronunciation: a-sim-MET-ree-kus

Meaning: (Star-plant)
Latin Pronunciation: Ass-troffit-urn
Common Name: Star Cactus.

asymptotic population

The maximum size possible to a population under present conditions, no matter how long reproduction is allowed to continue.

Meaning: from the Greek a (without), syn (together), and Phyteuma (a genus); refers to the lacking of the joined corolla lobes during flowering
Latin Pronunciation: as-sy-NEW-muh

Meaning: From the Greek a- (non) and systasia (united, consistent)
Latin Pronunciation: a-sys-TAH-zee-uh

Meaning: Of or from the Atacama desert in Northern Chile
Latin Pronunciation: a-tah-kah-MEN-see

Meaning: Of or from the Atacama desert in Northern Chile
Latin Pronunciation: a-tah-kah-MEN-sis

Meaning: Named for Atalanta, daughter of King Schoeneus of Scyros
Latin Pronunciation: at-uh-LAN-tee-uh

Meaning: Variant of atamasco, which is from the Virginia Algonquian word attamusco
Latin Pronunciation: at-uh-MAS-kuh


atavistic

Reverting to a form found in ancient ancestors.

Meaning: From the Virginia Algonquian word attamusco
Latin Pronunciation: at-uh-MAS-koh

Meaning: From the Greek athanatos (without dying); the bracts remain for a long time after the flower dies
Latin Pronunciation: ath-an-AY-zha
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ath-an-AY-see-uh

Meaning: From the Greek athros (crowded) and taxis (arrangement), referring to the overlapping leaves
Latin Pronunciation: ath-roh-TAKS-iss

Meaning: From the Greek atheros (barb or spine) and sperma (seed); refers to the long-pointed seeds
Latin Pronunciation: ath-er-oh-SPER-muh


Latin Pronunciation: Ath-theer-ee-um
Common Name: see As-plenium.

Meaning: Of or from the Atlas mountains
Latin Pronunciation: at-LAN-tik-uh

Meaning: Without fringe; refers to the wingless fruits
Latin Pronunciation: a-thy-SAN-us

Meaning: Of or from the Atlas mountains
Latin Pronunciation: at-LAN-tik-um

Meaning: Of or from Mount Athamas in Sicily, where some of these plants are found
Latin Pronunciation: ath-uh-MAN-tuh

Meaning: Of or from the Atlas mountains
Latin Pronunciation: at-LAN-tik-us


atoll

A circular coral island or islands surrounding a body of water in the ocean. See also: lagoon.


adenosine triphosphate (abr. ATP)

A phosphorylated nucleoside that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP. An energy-rich phosphorous compound that is important in the transfer of energy in organisms.

Meaning: Darkened, referring to the dark red-brown suffusions towards the plant's apex
Latin Pronunciation: AY-tranz


atmometer

Any instrument for measuring evaporation like a porous sphere or open pan of water.

Meaning: Very dark, black; in mourning (dark clothes historically signify one in mourning)
Latin Pronunciation: at-RAH-tuh

Meaning: Very dark, black; in mourning (dark clothes historically signify one in mourning)
Latin Pronunciation: at-RAH-tum


Latin Pronunciation: At-ruh-fax-iss.

Latin Pronunciation: at-ray-tus
Meaning: blackened.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) thrix (hair) and Seris (genus name for a lettuce-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: a-try-KO-ser-iss

Meaning: Dark coloured
Latin Pronunciation: at-REE-kol-or

Meaning: With leaves like Atriplex
Latin Pronunciation: at-ry-pliss-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With leaves like Atriplex
Latin Pronunciation: at-ry-pliss-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With leaves like Atriplex
Latin Pronunciation: at-ry-pliss-ih-FOH-lee-uh


Latin Pronunciation: At-rip-plex
Common Name: Saltbush.

Meaning: Prefix meaning very or dark
Latin Pronunciation: AT-roh

Meaning: Black seed
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-KAR-puh

Meaning: Dark spined
Latin Pronunciation: at-ree-SPIN-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:at-ree-SPY-nuh

Meaning: Black seed
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-KAR-pum

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-karp-us
Meaning: with blackish fruit.

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-kaw-liss
Meaning: dark stemmed.


atrocastaneous

Very dark chestnut in color.

Meaning: Black-berried
Latin Pronunciation: a-tro-KO-kum

Meaning: Very red, dark scarlet
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-kock-SIN-ee-uh

Meaning: Very red, dark scarlet
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-kock-SIN-ee-um

Meaning: Very red, dark scarlet
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-kock-SIN-ee-us

Meaning: Black-berried
Latin Pronunciation: a-tro-KO-kus

Meaning: Black-berried
Latin Pronunciation: a-tro-KO-kum

Meaning: Very dark blue
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-sy-AN-ee-um

Meaning: Very dark blue
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-sy-AN-ee-a

Meaning: Very dark blue
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-sy-AN-ee-us

Meaning: Black and white
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-NIV-ee-uh

Meaning: Black and white
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-NIV-ee-us


atrophy (adj. atrophied, alt. atrophic)

1. A wasting away from lack of nutrition or use. 2. Arrested development of a part or organ inconsequential to the normal development of a plant or animal.

Meaning: Black and white
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-NIV-ee-um

Meaning: Named for Atropos, one of the 3 Fates, who snipped the thread of life
Latin Pronunciation: AT-row-puh

Meaning: Dark purple-red
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-pun-IK-ee-uh

Meaning: Very purple
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-pur-PURR-ee-um

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-per-pew-ree

Meaning: Dark red
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-san-GWIN-ee-uh

Meaning: Very purple
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-pur-PURR-ee-uh

Meaning: Dark red
Latin Pronunciation: at-ro-san-GWIN-ee-um

Meaning: From the Latin atro (dark) and vinosa (full of wine); possibly in reference to the dark color of the flower
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-vee-NO-suh

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-roo-benz
Meaning: dark red.

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-san-gwin-ee us
Meaning: dark blood-red.

Meaning: Dark violet
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-vy-oh-LAH-see-uh

Meaning: Dark violet
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-vy-oh-LAH-see-us

Meaning: From the Latin attalus (splendid, magnificent) and refers to the quality of these palms
Latin Pronunciation: at-TAY-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-vye-renz
Meaning: dark green.

Meaning: Thin, weak
Latin Pronunciation: at-ten-yoo-AY-tuh

Meaning: Dark violet
Latin Pronunciation: at-roh-vy-oh-LAH-see-um


attenuate

A long gradual taper, as at the base or tip of a leaf or flower parts, drawn out into a long point. See also: acute.

Latin Pronunciation: at-ten-yew-ay-tus
Meaning: drawn to a point.

Meaning: Of Attica, the classical name for the area of Greece surrounding the city of Athens
Latin Pronunciation: AT-tih-kuh

Meaning: Thin, weak
Latin Pronunciation: at-ten-yoo-AY-tum

Meaning: Of Attica, the classical name for the area of Greece surrounding the city of Athens
Latin Pronunciation: AT-tih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: at-tik-us
Meaning: of Athens or Greece.


atypical

Not normal.

Meaning: Named for Georges Eleosippe Aubert, 19th century French missionary in Western China
Latin Pronunciation: oh-BER-ee-eye

Meaning: (for French painter Claude Aubriet)
Latin Pronunciation: Aw-bree-she-uh.

Meaning: Named for Claude Aubriet, 17th century painter attached to the French Royal Garden
Latin Pronunciation: aw-bree-EH-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:aw-BREE-tuh

Meaning: Named for Miss Juanita Aucamp, early 20th century South African plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: ow-KAMP-ee-ay

Meaning: Named for Piere Martin Remi Aucher-Eloy, early 19th century French botanist and plant collector in Constantinople
Latin Pronunciation: aw-CHER-ee

Meaning: Named for Piere Martin Remi Aucher-Eloy, early 19th century French botanist and plant collector in Constantinople
Latin Pronunciation: aw-cher-ee-AY-nuh


auctoris (alt. auctorum, abr. auct., abr. auctt.)

Used in taxonomy when an author has applied a wrong name, usually beginning with "non," to contrast it to the true type with the correct author, e.g., Betula platyphylla auct. Non Sukachev, which is in fact a different plant, Betula mandschurica.

Meaning: Bird catcher
Latin Pronunciation: awk-yoo-PAR-ee-uh

Meaning: Bird catcher
Latin Pronunciation: awk-yoo-PAR-ee-um


Latin Pronunciation: Aw-kew-buh.

Meaning: Bird catcher
Latin Pronunciation: awk-yoo-PAR-ee-us

Meaning: Latin, meaning bold
Latin Pronunciation: ow-daks

Meaning: Named for Urbain Audibert, 19th century French nurseryman in Tarascon
Latin Pronunciation: aw-dih-BER-ee-uh

Meaning: Noble, majestic
Latin Pronunciation: aw-GUS-tuh


auger

A T-shaped tool, like a large corkscrew, used for drilling holes in the soil.

Meaning: Stately, noble foliage
Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-tih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Stately, noble foliage
Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-tih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Stately, noble foliage
Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-tih-FOH-lee-us

Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-tiss-im-us
Meaning: most notable.

Meaning: Noble, majestic
Latin Pronunciation: aw-GUS-tum

Meaning: Named for Augustine Henry, 20th century physician and botanist in Asia
Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-TIN-ee-eye

Latin Pronunciation: aw-gus-tus
Meaning: notable, ma

Meaning: From the Greek aulax (furrow) and sperma (seeds); furrowed seeds
Latin Pronunciation: awl-uh-koh-SPER-muh

Meaning: From the Greek aulax (furrow) and sperma (seeds); furrowed seeds
Latin Pronunciation: awl-uh-koh-SPER-mum

Meaning: From the Greek aulax (furrow) and sperma (seeds); furrowed seeds
Latin Pronunciation: awl-uh-koh-SPER-mus

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning furrow
Latin Pronunciation: AW-laks

Meaning: Furrowed Moss. From the Greek words aula - furrow and mnium - moss
Latin Pronunciation: awe-la-com-nee-um

Meaning: Orange-red colored
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAN-tee-uh

Meaning: Orange-red colored
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-ti-AYE-kuh

Meaning: Orange-red colored
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-ti-AYE-kum

Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tye-ak-us
Meaning: orange- red.

Meaning: From the Latin aurantius, (guilded) and folia (leaf); golden-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Orange fruit
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tee-KAR-pa

Meaning: Orange fruit
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tee-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Latin aurantius, (guilded) and folius (leaf); golden-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tee-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: From the Latin aurantius, (guilded) and folium (leaf); golden-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: aw-ran-tee-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Orange-red colored
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAN-tee-us

Meaning: Golden rays
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAH-tuh

Meaning: Orange-red colored
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAN-tee-um

Meaning: Golden rays
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAH-tum

Meaning: Golden flower
Latin Pronunciation: AW-re-uh

Meaning: Golden rays
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RAH-tus

Meaning: Golden spines
Latin Pronunciation: awr-ee-is-PIN-uh

Meaning: Golden spines
Latin Pronunciation: awr-ee-is-PIN-um

Meaning: Golden spines
Latin Pronunciation: awr-ee-is-PIN-us

Meaning: Of or from Orleans, France (formerly Aurelia and Aurelianum)
Latin Pronunciation: aw-rel-ee-ah-NEN-sis

Latin Pronunciation: aw-ree-ol-us
Meaning: golden.

Meaning: Golden margins
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-mar-gin-AY-tuh


Latin Pronunciation: Aw-ree-ol-lay-ree-uh.

Meaning: Golden margins
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-mar-gin-AY-tum

Meaning: Gold-veined
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-ret-ik-yoo-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Golden margins
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-mar-gin-AY-tus

Meaning: Gold variegation
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-var-ee-uh-GAY-tum

Meaning: Gold variegation
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-var-ee-uh-GAY-tuh

Meaning: Golden flower
Latin Pronunciation: AW-re-um

Meaning: Gold variegation
Latin Pronunciation: ar-ee-oh-var-ee-uh-GAY-tus

Latin Pronunciation: aw-ree-us
Meaning: golden.

Meaning: Ear with hair
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIK-oh-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:aw-REE-koh-muh

Meaning: Ear with hair
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIK-oh-mum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:aw-REE-koh-mum


auricle

An ear-shaped appendage.

Meaning: Ear with hair
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIK-oh-mus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:aw-REE-koh-mus


auriculate

Shaped like an ear.

Meaning: Shaped like an ear, eared
Latin Pronunciation: aw-rik-yoo-LAY-tuh

Meaning: Ear
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIK-yoo-luh

Latin Pronunciation: aw-rik-yew-lay-tus
Meaning: with ears (auricled).

Meaning: Ear
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIK-yoo-lee

Meaning: Shaped like an ear, eared
Latin Pronunciation: aw-rik-yoo-LAY-tum


aurieles

Small lobes at the basal angles of the leaf, usually consisting of cells differing in size, shape, or both from those of the main part of the leaf. Properly used only when there is an outward curve in the outline of the leaf at the base, but often used loosely to denote the basal angles of widely decurrent leaves.

Meaning: From the Latin aureus (golden) and referring to the flower color
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RIN-ee-uh


auriculiform

Having the shape of an ear.

Meaning: Golden bristles
Latin Pronunciation: awr-ee-SET-a

Meaning: Golden bristles
Latin Pronunciation: awr-ee-SET-us

Meaning: Having large ears, long-eared
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RY-tuh

Meaning: Having large ears, long-eared
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RY-tum

Meaning: Having large ears, long-eared
Latin Pronunciation: aw-RY-tus

Meaning: Of or form Aus, Namibia
Latin Pronunciation: ah-SEN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ah-SEN-say

Meaning: Of or form Aus, Namibia
Latin Pronunciation: ah-SEN-sis


auroral

Refers to morning, the crepuscular period, or dawn.

Meaning: Of or from Australasia, New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: aw-stra-LAY-see-kuh

Meaning: Of or from Australasia, New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: aw-stra-LAY-see-kum

Meaning: Of or from Australasia, New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: aw-stra-LAY-see-kus

Latin Pronunciation: os-tral-ee-en-siss
Meaning: of Australia.

Meaning: From the Latin australis (southern)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tra-LEE-na

Meaning: Of or from the south, or Australia
Latin Pronunciation: aw-STRAL-ee

Latin Pronunciation: os-tray-liss
Meaning: southern.

Meaning: Austrian
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tree-AH-kum

Latin Pronunciation: os-try-ak-us
Meaning: Australian.

Meaning: Southern
Latin Pronunciation: oss-TRY-nuh

Meaning: Austrian
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tree-AH-kuh

Meaning: Southern
Latin Pronunciation: oss-TRY-num

Meaning: Southern cedar
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-SEE-drus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:oss-troh-SED-rus

Meaning: Southern cactus
Latin Pronunciation: os-troh-KAK-tus

Meaning: Southern
Latin Pronunciation: oss-TRY-nus

Meaning: From the Latin australis (southern) and the Greek cylindro (cylinder) and opuntia (referring to an ancient Greek city, Opus)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-sil-in-droh-PUN-tee-uh

Meaning: South (southern) mountains; sometimes (mis)spelled astromontana
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-MON-tah-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:oss-troh-mon-TAY-nuh

Meaning: South (southern) mountains; sometimes (mis)spelled astromontanum
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-MON-tah-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:oss-troh-mon-TAY-num

Meaning: From the Latin austro (southern) and Danthonia (for ?tienne Danthoine, 19th century French botanist)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-dan-THWON-ee-uh

Meaning: South (southern) mountains; sometimes (mis)spelled astromontanus
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-MON-tah-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:oss-troh-mon-TAY-nus

Meaning: From the Latin australis (southern) and Steenisia (named for Dr. Cornelius Gisjbert Gerrit Java van Steenis)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-steen-IS-ee-uh

Meaning: Southern myrtle
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-MERT-us

Meaning: Southern slender foliage
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-ten-yoo-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: South (southern) Texas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tro-teks-AN-um

Meaning: South (southern) Texas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tro-teks-AN-us

Meaning: South (southern) Texas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: oss-tro-teks-AN-a

Meaning: From southern Yunnan, China
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-yoo-nan-EN-see


autapomorphic

Describes a derived characteristic unique to a given taxon or monophyletic group. See also: apomorphic, synapomorphic.

Meaning: From southern Yunnan, China
Latin Pronunciation: oss-troh-yoo-nan-EN-sis


autecology

The study of the individual in relation to environmental conditions, or sometimes, members of a species studied collectively in the same way.


author

1. The botanist who discovered and named the new taxon. 2. The name or initial(s) following the taxon name, designating that botanist.


autochthonous

1. Describes the original or earliest known inhabitants of a region. 2. Originating in the place where found; indigenous. 3. Originating from within a system, such as organic matter in a stream resulting from photosynthesis by aquatic plants. See also: allochthonous.


autochore

A species in which some action of the parent plant is the chief force for dissemination, e.g., the mechanical projection of seeds in jewelweed,Impatiens.


autoecious (alt. autocious)

1. Refers to parasites which pass all stages of their life cycle on or within the same host, like certain rust fungus. 2. Having male and female organs on the same plant. See also: heteroecious.


autogamous

Self-fertilizing.


autogamy

Where male parts can fertilize female parts of the same flower through self-fertilzation or hermaphroditism; inbreeding.


autogenic succession

Vegetational progression in which each stage modifies the habitat in such a way that it is replaced by another stage, e.g., pond shoreline herbaceous plants being replaced by shrubs.


autolysis

The digestion of an organism or parts of it by its own enzymes.


autonomic

Refers to processes or activities that are spontaneous, arising from internal causes. See also: autonomous.


autonomous

1. Autonomic. 2. Refers to plants, especially those with chlorophyll, that are capable of turning inorganic materials to organic ones for their nutrition or other use. See also: autotrophic, photosynthesis.


autonym

When an author names a new subspecies or variety, the species is given the same new rank, based on the original type of the species and duplicating the epithet, e.g., when Pinus nigra ssp. larico was designated, Pinus nigra ssp. nigra came into being.


autotrophic (n. autophyte)

1. Refers to organisms that are capable of processing inorganic materials into organic ones by using energy from outside the organism such as sunshine on chlorophyll. 2. Refers to a body of water that is limited in its supply of organic material to what it is capable of producing within its own borders.


autumnal (syn. fall)

Refers to the season between summer and winter that, in the northern hemisphere, includes the months of September, October, and December. Astronomically speaking, it is the period extending from the September equinox to the December solstice.


autopolyploid

An organism or cell which contains three or more sets of homologous chromosomes that developed from the same species. See also: amphiploid, allopolyploid.

Latin Pronunciation: aw-tum-nay-liss
Meaning: of autumn.

Meaning: of the Autumn; Autumn flowering
Latin Pronunciation: aw-tum-NAH-lee


auximone

A nonessential organic substance of unknown chemical composition, which produces a known reaction, such as growth of duckweed,Lemna, from an extract of dung.


auxin

One of several hormones occurring in plants which regulates certain aspects of growth. They can be produced synthetically and are sometimes used commercially as herbicides or to promote flowering or other types of plant growth.


auxospore

A cell that restores the original size to the diminishing products of cell division.


auxotelic

Describes an inflorescences, parts of inflorescences or axes that do not end in a flower, and in which growth continues beyond the flowering region, See also: anauxotelic.


available water-holding capacity

The amount of water in soil that can be absorbed by plants, between the high amount at full saturation or field capacity, and the low amount at the permanent wilting capacity.


available water

That portion of water held in soil that may be absorbed into the roots of the plant.


available nutrient

The portion of nutrient substances, such as nitrates in the soil, that can be utilized by plants at rates and amounts required for growth.


avalanche

A large mass of snow, ice, rocks, trees, etc., in swift descent down a mountain or over a precipice.

Meaning: Of or form Avella, Italy
Latin Pronunciation: av-el-AY-nuh


avalanche cone

All the materials left at the base of a slope following an avalanche.


avalanche wind

Moving air stirred up by an avalanche and often destructive over considerable distances.

Meaning: Ancient Latin name for oats
Latin Pronunciation: a-VEE-na

Meaning: From the common name of Gevuina Avellana
Latin Pronunciation: av-el-AY-no

Meaning: Like Avena (ancient Latin name for oats)
Latin Pronunciation: a-vee-NAY-see-a

Meaning: Like Avena (ancient Latin name for oats)
Latin Pronunciation: a-vee-NAY-see-um


avenue

A path or road lined with trees on both sides, usually all of the same type.


average distance

The mathematical statement of the distance between plants calculated by dividing the square root of an area by the density of each species within the area.

Meaning: (for Arabian philosopher Averrhoes)
Latin Pronunciation: Av-er-roh-uh.

Meaning: Like Avena (ancient Latin name for oats)
Latin Pronunciation: a-vee-NAY-see-us

Meaning: Of the birds
Latin Pronunciation: AY-vee-uh

Meaning: Named for Avicinna (Ibn Sina) a 2nd century Persian physician-philosopher
Latin Pronunciation: av-ih-SEN-ay

Meaning: Named for Avicinna (Ibn Sina) a 2nd century Persian physician-philosopher
Latin Pronunciation: av-ih-SEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Small bird
Latin Pronunciation: a-vik-yoo-LAIR-ee


avitaminosis

Reduced health from deficiency of vitamins.

Meaning: Of the birds
Latin Pronunciation: AY-vee-um


awl-shaped

Tapering upward from the base to a slender or rigid point.

Meaning: Of the birds
Latin Pronunciation: AY-vee-us

Latin Pronunciation: av-ik-yew-lay-riss
Meaning: relating to birds.


axe-shaped

Dolabriform; describes three-dimensional shapes.


awn

A bristle-shaped appendage, especially on grass seeds or grains.


axe

A waist-high tool with a vertical, sharpened, narrow wedge head for cutting wood.


axial

Refers to the main line or trunk of the entire plant, the specific branch, the inflorescence, etc.


axile

Belonging to, or found in, the axil.


axil

The angle formed by a leaf or branch with the stem.

Meaning: In the leaf axils
Latin Pronunciation: ax-ILL-ar-ee

Latin Pronunciation: ax-il-lay-riss
Meaning: pertaining to the axils, of axillary significance.


axillary

Situated in an axil.


axis

The main line of growth in a plant or organ, e.g., the stem, from which the other parts such as the leaves and flowers grow.

Meaning: From the Greek a- (without) and xyris (razor), referring to the bland flavor
Latin Pronunciation: a-ZY-riss

Meaning: Named for Louis de Noailles, 18th century Duke of Ayen
Latin Pronunciation: ay-YEN-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek axon (axis) and pous (foot)
Latin Pronunciation: aks-ON-oh-pus

Meaning: Named for Edward Soloman Ayensu, a botanist and patron at the Smithsonian Institute
Latin Pronunciation: ay-EN-soo-uh

Meaning: From the Arab name for this plant meaning Free (or Noble) Tree
Latin Pronunciation: ay-zad-ih-RAK-tuh

Meaning: Resembling Azalea (genus name meaning dry)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-zay-lee-OY-deez


Latin Pronunciation: Az-zay-lee-uh
Common Name: see Rhododendron.
Meaning: (for Spanish naturalist Azara)
Latin Pronunciation: Az-zar-uh.

Meaning: Possibly from the Grek azo (to dry) and olluo (to kill), referring to the plant's high moisture requirements
Latin Pronunciation: a-ZOL-luh


azonal

Refers to soil that has no well developed profile with horizons, such as glacial deposits, dune sand, alluvium.

Meaning: Diminutive form of Azores (islands in the eastern Atlantic ocean)
Latin Pronunciation: ay-zor-EL-luh

Meaning: From the Persian words meaning noble tree
Latin Pronunciation: az-ee-duh-rak

Meaning: Of or from the Azores (islands in the Atlantic Ocean)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-ZOR-ih-kuh

Meaning: Of or from the Azores (islands in the Atlantic Ocean)
Latin Pronunciation: uh-ZOR-ih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: az-zohr-ik-us
Meaning: from the Azores.

Meaning: From Aztec (Aztl?n), a mythical place in northern Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: az-TEK-a

Meaning: Of or from the Azores, an archipelago of Portugese islands
Latin Pronunciation: a-zor-EE-na

Meaning: Latinized form of Aztec, referring to the plant's grooves and wrinkles which appear similar to Aztec sculpture
Latin Pronunciation: az-TEK-ee-um

Meaning: Sky blue
Latin Pronunciation: a-ZOOR-ee-uh

Meaning: From Aztec (Aztl?n), a mythical place in northern Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: az-TEK-us

Meaning: Sky blue
Latin Pronunciation: a-ZOOR-ee-um

Latin Pronunciation: az-yew-ree-us
Meaning: sky-blue, azure.