ha-ha

A ditch with one sloping side and one vertical side (sometimes with a retaining wall) and often used for containing livestock.

Meaning: Named for J.N. Haage, 19th century German plant collector and seedsman
Latin Pronunciation: hag-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for J.N. Haage, 19th century German plant collector and seedsman
Latin Pronunciation: hag-ee-AH-nuh

Meaning: Named for J.N. Haage, 19th century German plant collector and seedsman
Latin Pronunciation: hag-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Named for Sir Johann Franz Julius von Haast, 19th German-born century geologist, scientist, and explorer
Latin Pronunciation: HAAS-tee-a

Meaning: Named for J.N. Haage, 19th century plant collector and Greek cereus meaning Peru
Latin Pronunciation: hag-ee-oh-KER-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hag-ee-oh-SER-ee-us

Meaning: Named for Sir Johann Franz Julius von Haast, 19th German-born century geologist, scientist, and explorer
Latin Pronunciation: HAAS-tee-eye

Meaning: Named for Karl Konstantin Haberle, 19th century Professor of Botany at Pest
Latin Pronunciation: ha-BUR-lee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hay-BUR-lee-uh

habit

The general appearance of a plant.

Meaning: Named for Carl Ludwig Hablizl, 19th century naturalist and vice-governor of the Crimea
Latin Pronunciation: hab-LITZ-ee-uh

habitat

The natural dwelling place of an animal or plant; the type of environment where a particular species is likely to be found.

Meaning: Beautiful (or soft) hairs, bristles
Latin Pronunciation: hab-ROH-try-kum

Meaning: From the Greek habros (graceful) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: ha-BRAN-thus

Meaning: Of or from Hachijo (Hachijo-Shima) Island, a Japanese island in the south Pacific
Latin Pronunciation: ha-chee-jo-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Hachijo (Hachijo-Shima) Island, a Japanese island in the south Pacific
Latin Pronunciation: ha-chee-jo-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for J. Hackel, 19th century Czech botanist
Latin Pronunciation: ha-KEEL-ee-uh

Meaning: Of the shores of the Adriatic Sea
Latin Pronunciation: had-ree-AT-ee-kuh

Meaning: Of the shores of the Adriatic Sea
Latin Pronunciation: had-ree-AT-ee-kum

Meaning: Of the shores of the Adriatic Sea
Latin Pronunciation: had-ree-AT-ee-kus

Meaning: Blood-red
Latin Pronunciation: hem-AY-lee-um

Meaning: From the Greek haima (blood) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: hem-AN-tha

Meaning: Resembles Haemanthus, (genus name from the Greek, meaning blood flower)
Latin Pronunciation: hem-an-thee-OY-deez

Latin Pronunciation: hee-manth-us
Meaning: blood-redflowered.

Meaning: From the Greek haima (blood) and anthos (flower)
Latin Pronunciation: hem-AN-thum

Meaning: With blood-red mouth
Latin Pronunciation: hem-MAY-stoh-muh

Meaning: From the Greek haima (blood), referring to the color of the leaves
Latin Pronunciation: hee-MAR-ee-uh

Meaning: Blood-red calyx
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KAL-kees
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hem-at-oh-KAY-kees

Meaning: Blood-red calyx
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KAL-icks
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hem-at-oh-KAY-licks

Meaning: Blood-red fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KAR-puh

Meaning: Blood-red fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Blood-red fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KAR-pum

Meaning: From the Greek haima, (blood) and kephale (head); referring to the flower color
Latin Pronunciation: hee-mat-oh-SEF-uh-luh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hee-mat-oh-KEF-uh-luh

Meaning: With blood-red lip
Latin Pronunciation: hem-mat-oh-KY-luh

Meaning: With blood-red lip
Latin Pronunciation: hem-mat-oh-KY-lum

Meaning: Blood-red skin
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-KY-tun

Meaning: Blood-red
Latin Pronunciation: hem-uh-TOH-dees

Meaning: From the Greek haima (blood) and xylon (wood), referring to the red dye produced from the heartwood
Latin Pronunciation: hem-at-oh-ZY-lum

haft

Narrow stalk-like base to some petals, as those on irises.

Meaning: Of or from Hainan Island, South China
Latin Pronunciation: hy-nan-EN-se

Meaning: From the Greek haima (blood) and doran, (gift), referring to the red sap from roots
Latin Pronunciation: hem-oh-DOR-um

hair

1. An epidermal outgrowth composed of a single elongated cell. 2. In lichens, a multicellular outgrowth from the cortex.

Meaning: Of or from Hainan Island, South China
Latin Pronunciation: hy-nan-EN-sis

hairy

Covered with hairs; pubescent, hirsute, etc.

Meaning: Having foliage like Hakea (genus named for Baron Christian Ludwig von Hake, 18th century patron of Botany)
Latin Pronunciation: hak-ee-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Hakea (genus named for Baron Christian Ludwig von Hake, 18th century patron of Botany)
Latin Pronunciation: hak-ee-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Named for Hakone, a region of Japan, and Greek chloa (grass)
Latin Pronunciation: hah-koh-nee-KLO-uh

Meaning: Resembling Hakea (genus named for Baron Christian Ludwig von Hake, 18th century patron of Botany)
Latin Pronunciation: hak-ee-OY-deez

Meaning: Of or from Mount Haku-san, Japan
Latin Pronunciation: hak-oo-san-EN-sis

Meaning: Of or from Aleppo, Syria
Latin Pronunciation: ha-le-PEN-see

Meaning: Of or from Mount Haku-san, Japan
Latin Pronunciation: hak-oo-san-EN-see

Meaning: Named for Federico Halbinger, 21st century botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hal-BING-er-ee

Meaning: Of or from Aleppo, Syria
Latin Pronunciation: ha-le-PEN-sis

Meaning: From the Latin name for a herb said to cure bladder problems Halicacabus (the name is probably used in this instance to denote a likeness to a bladder rather than any claims to medicinal properties)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-ee-KAY-ka-buh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hal-ee-kah-KAH-buh

half-inferior

Describes an ovary partly below and partly above the level of attachment of the perianth and stamens.

Meaning: An herb said to cure bladder pain
Latin Pronunciation: hal-ee-KAY-ka-bee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hal-ee-kah-KAH-bee

Meaning: From the Latin name for an herb said to cure bladder problems Halicacabus (the name is probably used in this instance to denote a likeness to a bladder rather than any claims to medicinal properties)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-ee-KAY-ka-bum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hal-ee-ka-KAH-bum

Meaning: Having leaves like Atriplex halimus
Latin Pronunciation: hal-im-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having leaves like Atriplex halimus
Latin Pronunciation: hal-im-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Of the sea
Latin Pronunciation: HAL-im-uh

Meaning: Combination of Halimium (from the Greek for a maritime plant) and Cistus (from the Greek for an evergreen shrub)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-im-ee-oh-SIS-tus

Meaning: From the Greek halimion (a name for a maritime plant)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-IM-ee-um

Meaning: Having leaves like Atriplex halimus
Latin Pronunciation: hal-im-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Resembling Halimium, a genus of marittime plants (the Greek word means of the sea)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-im-OY-deez

Meaning: Of the sea
Latin Pronunciation: HAL-im-um

Meaning: Pod of the sea
Latin Pronunciation: hal-lim-oh-LOH-bus

Meaning: Of the sea
Latin Pronunciation: HAL-im-us

Meaning: Named for Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss scientist, author and poet
Latin Pronunciation: hal-LER-ee-ah

Meaning: Named for Harvey Monroe Hall, 20th century American professor of botany and expert in taxonomy, or George Rogers Hall, 19th century American medical man
Alternative Meaning:Named for Herman Christin van Hall, 19th century Dutch botanist, or Elihu Hall, 19th century American surveyor
Latin Pronunciation: hall-lee-AY-na

Meaning: Named for Harvey Monroe Hall, 20th century American professor of botany and expert in taxonomy, or George Rogers Hall, 19th century American medical man
Alternative Meaning:Named for Herman Christin van Hall, 19th century Dutch botanist, or Elihu Hall, 19th century American surveyor
Latin Pronunciation: hal-lee-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss scientist, author and poet
Latin Pronunciation: HAL-ler-ee

Meaning: Named for Harvey Monroe Hall, 20th century American professor of botany and expert in taxonomy, or George Rogers Hall, 19th century American medical man
Alternative Meaning:Named for Herman Christin van Hall, 19th century Dutch botanist, or Elihu Hall, 19th century American surveyor
Latin Pronunciation: hal-lee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Harvey Monroe Hall, 20th century American professor of botany and expert in taxonomy, or George Rogers Hall, 19th century American medical man
Alternative Meaning:Named for Herman Christin van Hall, 19th century Dutch botanist, or Elihu Hall, 19th century American surveyor
Latin Pronunciation: HALL-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Howard E. (Hal) Moore, American palm botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hal-MORE-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hals (sea, salty) an karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-KAR-pus

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning under salty water
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-DOOL-ee

Meaning: From the Greek hals (sea, salty) and geiton (neighbor), meaning near the sea
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-GEE-tun

Meaning: Salt loving
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-FY-luh

Meaning: Salt-tree
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-DEN-dron

Meaning: Salt loving
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-FY-lum

halophyte

1. A plant adapted to living in highly saline habitats. 2. A plant that accumulates high concentrations of salt in its tissues.

Meaning: Hooked
Latin Pronunciation: ham-AH-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ham-AY-tuh

Meaning: From the Greek hamatus (hooked) and ?kantha (thorn or spine)
Latin Pronunciation: ham-at-uh-KAN-tha

Meaning: From the Greek hamatus (hooked) and ?kantha (thorn or spine)
Latin Pronunciation: ham-at-uh-KAN-thus

Meaning: Salt loving
Latin Pronunciation: hal-oh-FY-lus

hamate (syn. hamulose)

Curved like a hook.

Meaning: Hooked
Latin Pronunciation: ham-AH-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ham-AY-tum

Latin Pronunciation: ham-may-tus
Meaning: hooked.

Latin Pronunciation: ham-moh-sus
Meaning: hooked, hooklike.

Meaning: With small hooks
Latin Pronunciation: ham-yoo-LAY-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ham-yoo-LAH-tuh

Meaning: with small hooks
Latin Pronunciation: ham-yoo-LAY-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ham-yoo-LAH-tuh

Meaning: with small hooks
Latin Pronunciation: ham-yoo-LAY-tus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ham-yoo-LAH-tuh

Meaning: Of or from Hana, a village located on the island of Maui (one of the Hawaiian islands)
Latin Pronunciation: ha-na-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Hana, a village located on the island of Maui (one of the Hawaiian islands)
Latin Pronunciation: ha-na-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Henry Fletcher Hance, 19th century British consul and plant collector in China
Latin Pronunciation: hans-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Henry Fletcher Hance, 19th century British consul and plant collector in China
Latin Pronunciation: hans-ee-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Henry Fletcher Hance, 19th century British consul and plant collector in China
Latin Pronunciation: hans-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Heinrich Handel-Mazetti, Austrian botanist in southwest China during WWI
Latin Pronunciation: han-del-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for William Hancock, early 20th century Irish customs official who collected in China and Taiwan
Latin Pronunciation: han-KOK-ee-eye

Meaning: Of or from Jandia (Jand?a), Canary Islands
Latin Pronunciation: han-dee-EN-see

Meaning: Named for Heinrich Handel-Mazetti, Austrian botanist in southwest China during WWI
Latin Pronunciation: han-del-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Possibly named for Heinrich Handel-Mazetti, Austrian botanist in southwest China during WWI
Latin Pronunciation: hand-EL-ee-eye

hand axe

A similar tool intermediate in size between a hatchet and an axe.

haploid

Half the full set of genetic material, as found in the gamete.

hapaxanthic

Reproducing once only at the end of the plant's life.

Meaning: Of or from Jandia (Jand?a), Canary Islands
Latin Pronunciation: han-dee-EN-sis

Meaning: From the Greek haploos (simple) and pappos (down, fluff), referring to the single pappus ring
Latin Pronunciation: hap-loh-PAP-us

Meaning: From the Greek haploos (simple) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: hap-lo-FIL-um

haptotropism (adj. haptotropic)

An orientation response of an organism to stimulation by touch.

Meaning: From the Greek haploos (simple) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: hap-lo-FIL-us

Meaning: From the Greek haploos (simple) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: hap-lo-FIL-a

Meaning: Named for J P Harbour, collector of Rocky Mountain plants
Latin Pronunciation: har-BOU-ree-uh

hardening

1. The process of gradually taking plants into a harsher environment, e.g., from the hothouse to the garden. 2. The term can also mean sustaining a plant from summer to winter, which may include a three-staged process: 1) phytochrome clocks signal the shortening days with a color change. 2) Growth ceases, carbohydrates are transported to the roots, and abscisic acid forms at the union of leaf and stem, dropping the leaf and healing the wound. The dropped leaves serve as mulch and protect the roots from excess cold in the winter, while cell walls toughen. 3) A smooth ice forms around the cells without rupturing them, a process called vitrification.

harden off

To gradually accustom a plant to more difficult living conditions, e.g., moving a plant from the greenhouse to the partial shade of a tree before planting it in a garden.

hardiness

The ability of a plant to withstand winter cold and summer heat.

hardware cloth

A metal fabric that is more coarse than a window screen but finer than fencing.

hardscaping

Man-made objects of a landscape as opposed to natural objects like plants and streams.

hardpan

A layer of soil sufficiently clogged with clay or other particles which often prevents the penetration of water and shrub or tree roots.

hardwood

A term applied to broad-leaved trees as opposed to conifers.

hardwood cutting

Cutting taken from a mature woody stem for the purpose of propagation.

hardy

A term used regarding plants that describes their ability to withstand cold. It does not mean that the plant is long-living, pest resistant, or drought tolerant.

hard construction (alt. hard landscaping)

The nonliving elements of a landscape installation, made of wood, brick, concrete, etc.

Meaning: Most likely named for Dr William Aurelius Harland, 18th century British physician who emigrated to Hong Kong, where he collected and classified many Chinese plants
Latin Pronunciation: har-LAND-ee-eye

hard frost

A frost where both the air and the soil has dropped below freezing. Many plants can survive a light frost but cannot survive a hard frost.

Meaning: Diminutive form of harpago, meaning a small grappling hook, from the calyx spines
Latin Pronunciation: harp-ah-GOAN-ell-uh

Meaning: Named for Sir Sidney Frederic Harmer, early 20th century Director of the British Museum of Natural History, and President of the Linnaean Society
Latin Pronunciation: HARM-er-ee

Meaning: Having leaves shaped like sickles
Latin Pronunciation: harp-oh-FIL-luh

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning grapple (grappling hook) plant
Latin Pronunciation: harp-ah-go-FY-tum

Meaning: Having leaves shaped like sickles
Latin Pronunciation: harp-oh-FIL-lum

Latin Pronunciation: harp-oh-fill-us
Meaning: sickle- leaved.

Meaning: Named for the Earl of Harrington, who admired the species
Latin Pronunciation: har-ring-TOH-nee-uh

Meaning: Named by and for W Harrison, who discovered this plant in Rio de Janiero in the early 19th century
Latin Pronunciation: har-ris-SON-ee-ay

Meaning: Named for George Harrow, early 20th century manager of Mssrs Veitch's Coombe Wood nursery, where many of EH Wilson's plants were first raised
Latin Pronunciation: har-roh-wee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for George Harrow, early 20th century manager of Mssrs Veitch's Coombe Wood nursery, where many of EH Wilson's plants were first raised; also spelled harrowiana
Latin Pronunciation: har-roh-wee-AY-nuh

harrow

A field implement with semicircular teeth that breaks up clods and levels soil. 2. To break up and level the soil surface by dragging over it an implement of the same name designed for that purpose.

Meaning: Named for Sir James Harry Veitch, 20th century horticulturist who sponsored EH Wilson and other collectors
Latin Pronunciation: har-ree-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for George Harrow, early 20th century manager of Mssrs Veitch's Coombe Wood nursery, where many of EH Wilson's plants were first raised; also spelled harroviana
Latin Pronunciation: har-roh-wee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Sir James Harry Veitch, 20th century horticulturist who sponsored EH Wilson and other collectors
Latin Pronunciation: har-ree-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Sir James Harry Veitch, 20th century horticulturist who sponsored EH Wilson and other collectors
Latin Pronunciation: har-ree-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Karl August Harald (Harry) Smith, 20th century Swedish botanist at Uppsala, and plant collector in China
Latin Pronunciation: har-ree-SMY-thee-eye

Meaning: Named for Carl Theodor Hartweg, 19th century German gardener who collected plants in Mexico and California for the Horticultural Society of London
Latin Pronunciation: hart-WEG-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for William Harvey, 19th century Irish botanist who specialized in algea
Latin Pronunciation: har-vee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Karl Theodor Hartweg, 19th century Geman collector for the London Horticultural Society in Ecuador, Mexico and California
Latin Pronunciation: hart-WEG-ee-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hart-WEG-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for William Henry Harvey, 19th century Irish botanist
Latin Pronunciation: HARV-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Scott E. Haselton, first editor of the Cactus and Succulent Journal (from 1929 to 1965)
Latin Pronunciation: haz-el-TON-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Dr. F. von Haselberg, its discoverer
Latin Pronunciation: has-el-BERG-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Scott E. Haselton, first editor of the Cactus and Succulent Journal (from 1929 to 1965)
Latin Pronunciation: haz-el-ton-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Scott E. Haselton, first editor of the Cactus and Succulent Journal (from 1929 to 1965)
Latin Pronunciation: haz-el-ton-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Hermann Edward Hasse, early 20th century plant collector and authority on lichens
Latin Pronunciation: HASS-ee-eye

Meaning: Alternate spelling of hassleriana; named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hass-ler-AY-nuh

Meaning: Alternate spelling of hasslerianum; named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hass-ler-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: HASS-ler-ee

Meaning: Named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector; also spelled hasslerana
Latin Pronunciation: hass-ler-ee-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector; also spelled hassleranum
Latin Pronunciation: hass-ler-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for Emile Hassler, 20th century Swiss plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hass-ler-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Spear-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: hass-TAH-tuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hass-TAY-tuh

hastate (syn. halberd-shaped)

Like an arrow- head, but with the basal lobes pointing outward nearly at right angles.

Meaning: spear-shaped
Latin Pronunciation: hass-TAH-tum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hass-TAY-tum

Meaning: Having spear-shaped foliage; also spelled hastifolia
Latin Pronunciation: hass-tay-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hass-tif-er-us
Meaning: spear-bearing.

Latin Pronunciation: hass-tay-tus
Meaning: spear-shaped (hastate).

h & s

The abbreviation for the height and spread of a plant.

Meaning: Having spear-shaped foliage
Latin Pronunciation: hass-tih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Having spear-shaped foliage; also spelled hastaefolia
Latin Pronunciation: hass-tih-FOH-lee-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hass-tye-liss
Meaning: referring to a spear.

hatchet

A short axe.

haustorium

A specialized absorbing structure of a parasitic plant through which it obtains chemical substances from its host.

Meaning: Having spear-shaped foliage
Latin Pronunciation: hass-tih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Named for Valery Havard, 20th century French-born botanist who immigrated to the U.S. and later became interested in the native flora and fauna
Latin Pronunciation: HAV-ar-dee

Meaning: Of or from Havana, Cuba
Latin Pronunciation: hav-an-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Valery Havard, 20th century French-born botanist who immigrated to the U.S. and later became interested in the native flora and fauna
Latin Pronunciation: hav-AR-dee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Havana, Cuba
Latin Pronunciation: hav-an-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hav-an-EN-say

Meaning: Named for Valery Havard, 20th century French-born botanist who immigrated to the U.S. and later became interested in the native flora and fauna
Latin Pronunciation: hav-ar-dee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Valery Havard, 20th century French-born botanist who immigrated to the U.S. and later became interested in the native flora and fauna
Latin Pronunciation: hav-AR-dee-eye

Meaning: Named for Adrian Hardy Haworth, 19th century British botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hay-WOR-thee-eye

Meaning: Resembling Haworthia (genus named for Adrian Hardy Haworth, 19th century British botanist)
Latin Pronunciation: hay-worth-ee-OY-deez

Meaning: Named for Bunz? Hayata, early 20th century Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work in Japan and Formosa (Taiwan)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-a-TAH-na

Meaning: Named for Bunz? Hayata, early 20th century Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work in Japan and Formosa (Taiwan)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-a-TAH-num

Meaning: Named for Bunz? Hayata, early 20th century Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work in Japan and Formosa (Taiwan)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-a-TAH-nus

Meaning: Named for Ferdinand Hayden, head of the US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories from 1867 to 1879
Latin Pronunciation: hay-DEN-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Marion D. Haydon, 19th century botanist
Latin Pronunciation: HAY-don-ee-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hay-DOH-ne-eye

head

1. A dense cluster of sessile or nearly sessile flowers on a very short axis or receptacle; heart-shaped. 2. Ovate with two rounded lobes and a sinus at the base; commonly used to define such a base. 3. The number of animals, e.g., 40 horses, that would be counted by a farmer/rancher as 40 head of horses, or merely 40 head.

Meaning: Named for Sutton Hayes, 19th century doctor and naturalist with the El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road Expedition
Latin Pronunciation: hayz-ee-AN-uh

Meaning: Named for Barclay Hazard, early 19th century California botanist
Latin Pronunciation: haz-ZARD-ee-uh

heading back

Cutting a branch back to a bud or side branch to increase the number of shoots, making the plant thicker and bushier.

Meaning: Named for Sutton Hayes, 19th century doctor and naturalist with the El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road Expedition
Latin Pronunciation: hayz-ee-AN-uh

head back

To cut back the main branches of a woody plant severely.

heartwood

The harder and often darker colored wood that forms the interior of a tree trunk or branch.

heath (alt. heathland)

An extensive area of rather open uncultivated land usually with poor coarse soil and covered with low shrubs, such as those of the genusErica; a moor.

heavy soil

An imprecise term which refers to soil in which the particles are packed closely together with little air or water available to the roots of the plant.

Meaning: Fuzzy fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hee-be-KAR-puh

heave (n. heaving, syn. frost heave)

Alternate freezing and thawing of soil causing a plant to be pushed upward and often exposing its roots to damage.

Latin Pronunciation: hee-bee-karp-us
Meaning: hairy-fruited.

Meaning: Downy-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: hee-bee-FIL-um

Meaning: Downy-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: hee-bee-FIL-uh

Meaning: Downy-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: hee-bee-FIL-us

Meaning: Named for sir James Hector, 19th century New Zealand geologist and botanist of Scottish origin
Latin Pronunciation: hek-TOR-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek ekastos, (each) and kleio, (to shut up), meaning each enclosed; referring to each flower being in its own involucre
Latin Pronunciation: hee-kas-toh-KLEE-is

Meaning: Named for Julius Gottfried Conrad Hecht, 19th century counsellor to the King of Prussia
Latin Pronunciation: HEK-tee-uh

Meaning: Pertaining to ivy
Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-AYE-see-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hed-er-ah-SEE-um

Meaning: Fuzzy fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hee-be-KAR-pum

Meaning: Pertaining to ivy
Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-AYE-see-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hed-er-ah-SEE-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-ray-see-us
Meaning: Ivy- like.

Meaning: Having leaves like Hedera (Ivy genus)
Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Having leaves like Hedera (Ivy genus)
Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: With leaves resembling Hedera (Ivy genus)
Latin Pronunciation: hed-er-ih-FOH-lee-uh

hedge shears

Specialized heavyweight scissors for shaping woody plants into hedges.

hedge

A fence or boundary formed by a dense row of shrubs or low trees and often given a formal appearance by frequent trimming.

hedgerow

A row of shrubs or trees enclosing or separating fields, often on a low berm of earth.

Meaning: From the Greek, Pliny used the name for a kind of wild endive
Latin Pronunciation: hed-DIP-no-is

Meaning: Like Hedyotis (genus name, meaning sweet ear)
Latin Pronunciation: hed-ee-oh-TID-ee-a

Meaning: From the Greek hedys (sweet) and otos (ear), the significance of the name is not known
Latin Pronunciation: hed-ee-OH-tis

Meaning: From the Greek meaning sweet cape or covering
Latin Pronunciation: hed-ih-SEE-pee

Meaning: Named for Heidemarie Neuhuber, wife of Gert JA Neuhuber
Latin Pronunciation: hy-dee-ay

heel

The portion of old wood at the base of a cutting.

Meaning: Named for Dr. Heim, 19th century German
Latin Pronunciation: HEIM-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Dr. Adolphus Lewis Heermann, 19th century physician, naturalist and collector on the Pacific Railroad Survey
Latin Pronunciation: heer-MAN-ee-eye

heel in

To temporarily store plants with their roots in moist soil or sawdust to hold them for several days or weeks until they are able to be planted properly.

heirloom plant

A plant that was developed and in cultivation sometime in the past.

heirloom garden (syn. antique garden)

A garden created using plants that were in cultivation in the past, usually from a particular period.

Meaning: Similar to Helianthus
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-ANTH-ee

Meaning: Named for Theodor von Heldreich, 19th century German botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hel-DRIK-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun) and anthos (flower), and cereus (candle or torch)
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-an-tho-KER-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hee-lee-an-tho-SER-ee-us

Meaning: Turning towards the sun
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-AN-thee-mus

Meaning: Resembling a sunflower
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-an-THOY-dees

helicoid

Having the shape of a flattened coil, often describing a cyme.

Meaning: Twisted hair
Latin Pronunciation: hel-lik-toh-TRY-kon

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun) and philein (to love); referring to the sun-loving habitat
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-FIL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun), referring to the habit of the flower heads turning with the sun
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-SKOH-pee-a

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun) and Hebe (a related genus named for the Greek goddess of youth)
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-HEE-bee

heliophilous

Adapted to, or capable of, growing in full sunlight.

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun), referring to the habit of the flower heads turning with the sun
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-SKOH-pee-um

Meaning: From the Greek helios (sun), referring to the habit of the flower heads turning with the sun
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-SKOH-pee-us

Meaning: From the Greek helios, (sun) and trope, (turning), meaning sun-turning
Latin Pronunciation: hee-lee-oh-TROPE

Meaning: Has leaves similar to Helleborus
Latin Pronunciation: helle-bor-ee-foly-a

Meaning: Winding around
Latin Pronunciation: HEE-licks

Meaning: From the Greek, resembling Helleborus
Latin Pronunciation: hel-le-BOR-in-ee

Meaning: Has leaves similar to Helleborus
Latin Pronunciation: helle-bor-ee-foly-um

Meaning: Of Greece; Grecian
Latin Pronunciation: hel-LEN-ih-kuh

Meaning: Of Greece; Grecian
Latin Pronunciation: hel-LEN-ih-kum

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector who discovered the species; also spelled hellerii
Latin Pronunciation: HEL-ler-ee

Meaning: Of Greece; Grecian
Latin Pronunciation: hel-LEN-ih-kus

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hel-ler-ee-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hel-LER-ee-a

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hel-ler-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hel-ler-ee-AY-na

Meaning: Named for Amos Arthur Heller, 20th century North American plant collector who discovered the species
Latin Pronunciation: HEL-er-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Herman Helmholtz, 19th century German scientist
Latin Pronunciation: helm-HOLTZ-ee-uh

Meaning: Growing in marshes
Latin Pronunciation: hel-OH-dees

Meaning: Named for Richard Helms, 20th century Australian botanist, zoologist and scientist
Latin Pronunciation: HELMS-ee-eye

Latin Pronunciation: hel-vet-ik-us
Meaning: Swiss, of Switzerland.

Meaning: Swiss
Latin Pronunciation: hel-VET-ih-kum

Meaning: Resembles the genus Helonias
Latin Pronunciation: hel-oh-nee-OP-sis

Meaning: Pale yellow
Latin Pronunciation: HEL-vol-a

Latin Pronunciation: he/-vol-us
Meaning: pale yellow.

Meaning: Pale yellow
Latin Pronunciation: HEL-vol-um

Meaning: Swiss
Latin Pronunciation: hel-VET-ih-kuh

Meaning: From Greek hemi (half) and arthron (a joint); the divisions of the sections of the rachis often appear incomplete
Latin Pronunciation: hem-ARTH-ree-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hemi (half) and andros (stamens), referring to the presence of only one anther cell per stamen
Latin Pronunciation: hem-ee-AN-druh

hemiepiphytic

Remaining rooted in the ground but climbing tree trunks.

hemiparasite (syn. semiparasite)

A parasite which lives on and derives part of its nourishment from its host, but also conducts photosynthesis; for example, the mistletoe.

Meaning: Hemispherical
Latin Pronunciation: hem-is-FEER-ih-kuh

Meaning: From the Greek hemi, (half) and zone, (band, circular mark), referring to the phyllaries which half encircle the ray achenes
Latin Pronunciation: hem-ih-ZOH-nee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hemi (half) and tomon (divisible)
Latin Pronunciation: hem-ee-TOH-mon

Meaning: Hemispherical
Latin Pronunciation: hem-is-FEER-ih-kuh

Latin Pronunciation: hem-iss-feer-ik-us
Meaning: like half a sphere.

hemostatic

Herbal medicine that can stop bleeding.

hemp

1. The course fibers used to make cordage derived from plants of the genusCannibis, or other similar plants. 2. A plant of the genusCannibis.

Meaning: Named for William botting Hemsley, 19th century botanist who produced an early flora of Central America, and Keeper of the Kew Herbarium
Latin Pronunciation: hems-lee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for William botting Hemsley, 19th century botanist who produced an early flora of Central America, and Keeper of the Kew Herbarium
Latin Pronunciation: hems-lee-AH-nus

Meaning: Named for William botting Hemsley, 19th century botanist who produced an early flora of Central America, and Keeper of the Kew Herbarium
Latin Pronunciation: hems-LEE-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for William botting Hemsley, 19th century botanist who produced an early flora of Central America, and Keeper of the Kew Herbarium
Latin Pronunciation: hems-lee-AH-na

Meaning: Named for William botting Hemsley, 19th century botanist who produced an early flora of Central America, and Keeper of the Kew Herbarium
Latin Pronunciation: HEMS-lee-eye

Meaning: Named for Louis Fourniquet Henderson, early 19th century botanist, dubbed the Grand Old Man of Northwest Botany by the Native Plant Society of Oregon
Latin Pronunciation: HEN-der-son-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Dr. JS Henkel, 20th century Conservator of Forests in the KwaZulu-Natal and Director of Forestry in Zimbabwe
Latin Pronunciation: henk-EL-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Augustine Henry, 20th century physician and botanist in Asia
Latin Pronunciation: hen-ree-AY-num

Meaning: Named for Rev. B. C. Henry, a 19th century Presbyterian missionary in China
Alternative Meaning:Named for Dr. Augustine Henry, 20th century Irish dendrologist and plant collector in China and Formosa
Latin Pronunciation: HEN-ree-eye

Meaning: Named for Augustine Henry, 20th century physician and botanist in Asia
Latin Pronunciation: hen-ree-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Augustine Henry, 20th century physician and botanist in Asia
Latin Pronunciation: hen-ree-AY-nus

Meaning: From hepar, liver; referring to its supposed curative properties and/or its coloring
Latin Pronunciation: hep-AT-ih-kus

Meaning: Seven heads
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tuh-KOH-dee-um

Meaning: Having seven angles or sides
Latin Pronunciation: hep-TAG-on-uh

Meaning: Having seven angles or sides
Latin Pronunciation: hep-TAG-on-us

Meaning: Seven-lobed
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tuh-LOH-buh

Meaning: Having seven angles or sides
Latin Pronunciation: hep-TAG-on-um

Meaning: Seven-lobed
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tuh-LOH-bum

Meaning: Seven-lobed
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tuh-LOH-bus

Meaning: Seven leaves
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tah-FIL-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Heracleum (genus name for cow parsnip)
Latin Pronunciation: hair-uh-klee-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Heracleum (genus name for cow parsnip)
Latin Pronunciation: hair-uh-klee-ih-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: hep-taf-fill-us
Meaning: seven- leaved.

Meaning: Seven leaves
Latin Pronunciation: hep-tah-FIL-um

Meaning: Resembling Heracleum (genus name for cow parsnip)
Latin Pronunciation: hair-a-klee-OY-deez

Meaning: Named for an old culinary use, the herb was rubbed onto beef - usually barons of beef - to impart flavour
Latin Pronunciation: HERB-uh BAY-roh-nuh

herb

1. A plant with no persistent woody stem above ground. 2. A plant grown for culinary or medicinal uses.

herbaceous

1. Having little or no woody tissue; leaf-like in color and texture. 2. Refers to a plant which dies back to the roots each year during winter, as opposed to a plant which remains green all winter.

Meaning: Not woody
Latin Pronunciation: her-buh-KEE-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-buh-SEE-um

Latin Pronunciation: her - bay - see - us
Meaning: fleshy stemmed, not woody (herbaceous).

Meaning: Not woody
Latin Pronunciation: her-buh-KEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-buh-SEE-uh

herbalism

The cultivation, collection, study and use of herbs, particularly for medicinal purposes.

herbarium

1. An organized and cataloged collection of plant specimens. 2. A specialized room or building with constant levels of temperature, moisture and restricted light where plant samples are stored in a designated pattern in large light proof cabinets, allowing samples to remain useful and to be retrieved for study and comparison for centuries.

herbal

1. A book about herbs, usually illustrated. 2. Of, or relating to, herbs.

herbarium glue (alt. herbarium paste)

An adhesive which minimizes cracking, discoloration, and shattering with age, used in fastening plant specimens to the herbarium sheet.

herbalist

One who practices herbalism.

herbarium sheet

Lightweight white card stock used as backing for herbarium specimens, in a standard size of 11 X 16 inches (28 X 40 cm.).

herbarium specimens (alt. herbarium samples, alt. herbarium mounts)

Pressed dried plants fastened to sheets of paper which serve as permanent records of a species as it appeared at a given time and place.

Meaning: Hybrid between herbaceous species
Latin Pronunciation: her-bee-oh-HY-brid-uh

herbarium specimens (alt. herbarium samples, alt. herbarium mounts)

Pressed dried plants fastened to sheets of paper which serve as permanent records of a species as it appeared at a given time and place.

Meaning: Named for Dean William Herbert, a 19th century British bulb taxonomist
Latin Pronunciation: her-BERT-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for the Herbert River (now Georgina River) in Queensland, Australia
Latin Pronunciation: her-ber-tee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named for Dean William Herbert, a 19th century British bulb taxonomist
Latin Pronunciation: her-BERT-ee-uh

herbicide

A substance that is fatal to plants, or to selected plants.

Meaning: With leaves like ivy
Latin Pronunciation: he-der-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: With leaves like ivy
Latin Pronunciation: he-der-ih-FOH-lee-um

herb garden

A garden consisting of culinary and/or medicinal herbs and often having an ornamental design.

Meaning: Named for Hermann Carl Gottlieb Herbst, Director of the Rio de Janiero Botanic Garden
Latin Pronunciation: HAIRBS-tee-eye

Meaning: Of Herero, Zimbabwe (South Africa)
Latin Pronunciation: her-er-oh-EN-see

Meaning: Of Herero, Zimbabwe (South Africa)
Latin Pronunciation: her-ER-oh-a

Meaning: Of Herero, Zimbabwe (South Africa)
Latin Pronunciation: her-er-oh-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Paul Hermann, 17th century German botanist and professor of botanay in Leiden (Holland)
Latin Pronunciation: her-MAWN-ee-uh

Meaning: Hermaphrodite
Latin Pronunciation: her-maf-roh-DIE-ti-kuh

Meaning: With leaves like ivy
Latin Pronunciation: he-der-ih-FOH-lee-us

hermaphrodite

Bisexual, with both pistils and stamens in the same flower.

Meaning: Hermaphrodite
Latin Pronunciation: her-maf-roh-DIE-ti-kus

Meaning: From Hermes, god of Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: her-MET-ih-ka

Meaning: From Hermes, god of Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: her-MET-ih-kum

Meaning: From Hermes, god of Greek mythology
Latin Pronunciation: her-MET-ih-kus

Meaning: Diminutive form of Hermes, a Greek god
Latin Pronunciation: her-MID-ee-um

Meaning: Hermaphrodite
Latin Pronunciation: her-maf-roh-DIE-ti-kum

hermitage

A usually small building provided for contemplation, especially of nature.

Meaning: Named for Fernando Hernandez, 16th century plant collector in what is now Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: her-nan-DEZ-ee-eye

Meaning: From the Greek Hermes (Mercury) and daktylos (finger), referring to the tubers
Latin Pronunciation: her-mo-DAK-ty-lus

Meaning: Named for Gerardo Herrera, Costa Rican field botanist
Alternative Meaning:Named for H?ctor Herrera an El Salvadorian scientist
Latin Pronunciation: her-ER-ah-ee

Meaning: Named for Dr. Hans Herre, 20th century botanist and expert on South African succulents
Latin Pronunciation: her-ray-ANTH-us

Meaning: Named for Professor Wilhelm Guillermo Herter, 20th century German botanist and cactus collector in Uruguay
Latin Pronunciation: HER-ter-ee

Meaning: From the Greek: herp (to creep) and lirion (a lily) in reference to its growth habit
Latin Pronunciation: herp-oh-LIR-ee-on

Meaning: Named for William Hertrich, early 20th century curator of the Huntington Botanical Gardens at S. Marino, California
Latin Pronunciation: her-trik-ee-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Dr. Hans Herre, 20th century botanist and expert on South African succulents
Latin Pronunciation: HER-ray-eye

Meaning: Named for Theodor Herzog, 20th century German bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: her-zog-ee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for Theodor Herzog, 20th century German bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: her-zog-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Diminutive; named for Theodor Herzog, 20th century German bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: her-zog-ee-EL-a

Meaning: Named for Theodor Herzog, 20th century German bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: her-ZOG-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Theodor Herzog, 20th century German bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: her-zog-ee-AH-na

Meaning: From the Greek hesperos (evening) and anthos (flower); the flowers open late in the day
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-ANTH-uh

Meaning: Western; of the evening
Latin Pronunciation: hes-PER-ee-uh

hesperidium

A relatively large fruit, pulpy inside with a hard rind outside, such as citrus fruits; technically a berry.

Meaning: Western; of the evening
Latin Pronunciation: hes-PER-ee-um

Meaning: Western; of the evening
Latin Pronunciation: hes-PER-ee-us

Meaning: From the Greek hespero, (west) and kallos (beauty), meaning evening or western beauty (because the sun sets in the West)
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-oh-KAL-is

Meaning: From the Greek hespero, (western) and linos, (flax)
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-oh-LEE-non

Meaning: From the Greek hespero, (western) and Chiron, a Centaur supposedly skilled in medicine
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-oh-KYE-ron

Meaning: From the Greek hespero, (west) and knide (nettle)
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-OK-nid-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hes-per-oh-NY-dee

Meaning: From the Greek hesperos (evening) and xiphion (sword-like)
Latin Pronunciation: hes-per-oh-ZY-fee-on

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-ak-kanth-us
Meaning: variously spined.

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and achne (chaff)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AK-nee

Meaning: Differing glands
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-uh-DEEN-uh

Meaning: Differing glands
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-uh-DEEN-uh

Meaning: Differing glands
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-uh-DEEN-uh

Meaning: Differing stamens or anthers
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AN-druh

Meaning: Differing stamens or anthers
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AN-druh

Meaning: Differing stamens or anthers
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AN-druh

Meaning: Differing flower
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AN-thuh

Meaning: Differing flower
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-AN-thuh

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-ranth-us
Meaning: variable-flowered, variously flowered.

Meaning: Differing fruit
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KAR-puh

heteroblastic

Describes a plant which has adult parts distinctly different in form from the juvenile parts.

Meaning: Differing fruit
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KAR-puh

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and karpos (fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KAR-pon

heterocarpous

Producing more than one kind of fruit.

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-karp-us
Meaning: various-fruited.

Meaning: Differing colors
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KROH-mus

Meaning: Differing colors
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KROH-muh

Meaning: From Greek heteros, (different) and kodon, (bell), referring to the plant having campanulate flowers of two kinds
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-KOH-don

Meaning: Differing teeth
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DON-tus

Meaning: Differing teeth
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DON-tum

Meaning: Differing teeth
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DON-tuh

Latin Pronunciation: het-tehr-od-on
Meaning: various toothed.

Meaning: Differing from the type of the genus
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DOKS-uh

Meaning: Differing from the type of the genus
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DOKS-um

heteroecious

Parasitic on alternating hosts; starting life on one organism, then affecting a second species.

Meaning: Differing from the type of the genus
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-DOKS-us

heterogamete

Either of a pair of gametes that differ from each other in shape, size, or behavior, usually occurring as large nonmotile oogametes and small motile sperms.

heterogamy

The union of recognizably male and female gametes.

heterogamous

Bearing two kinds of flowers.

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-gloss-us
Meaning: various-tongued.

Meaning: Different scales
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-LEP-is

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and gyne (female)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-GY-nuh

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-MAH-luh

Meaning: Different scales
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-LEP-ih-deez

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-MAH-lum

heteromallous

Turned in different directions.

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-MAH-lus

heteromorphic (alt. heteromorphous)

With different forms during the life-cycle; e.g., a fern with the sporophyte different in form from the gametophyte.

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (diverse or various) and pappos (down or fluff)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-PAP-us

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-morf-us
Meaning: varying in form.

heterophyllous

The presence of two or more distinct leaf shapes on a single individual.

Meaning: Differently leaved
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-FY-luh

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and pogon (beard), referring to the female and male spikelets
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-POH-gon

Meaning: Differently leaved
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-FIL-uh

Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-fill-us
Meaning: various-leaved.

Meaning: Differing seed
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-SPER-muh

Meaning: Differing seed
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-SPER-mus

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and stylus (style), referring to plants bearing flowers with both long and short styles
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-STY-luh

heterosporous

Bearing spores of two sizes and sexes. See also: homosporous.

heterostyly (adj. heterostylous, adj. heterostyled)

A species in which flowers are similar except that the stigmas and anthers are held at different levels relative to each other, because style length differs between plants. See also: homostylous.

heterostyly (adj. heterostylous, adj. heterostyled)

A species in which flowers are similar except that the stigmas and anthers are held at different levels relative to each other, because style length differs between plants. See also: homostylous.

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and pyxis (container with a lid), referring to the lid-like capsule
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-PIK-sis

Meaning: Greek heteros, (different) and theke, (ovary), referring to the unlike achenes of the ray and disk florets
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-THEEK-uh

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-TRY-kum

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-TRY-kuh

Meaning: Differently hairy
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-TRY-kus

Meaning: From the Greek heteros (different) and trophia (trophy): the reference is obscure
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-TRO-pa

heterotrophic

An organism that requires chemical energy from already formed organic molecules; dependent on organic food made by photosynthetic plants.

Meaning: From the Greek hetero, (different) and zygos, (yoke)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-ZYE-gum

Meaning: Resembles Heterotropa, genus name from the Greek heteros, different; and trophia, trophy - the reference is obscure)
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-troh-POY-deez

Meaning: Differing sepals
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-SEEP-uh-luh

Meaning: Differing sepals
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-SEEP-uh-lus

Meaning: Differing sepals
Latin Pronunciation: het-er-oh-SEEP-uh-lum

Meaning: Named for Johann (aka J?nos or Jan) Heuffel, 19th century Hungarian physician and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: heff-EL-ee-a

Meaning: Having foliage like Heuchera (genus named for German botanist Johann Heinrich von Heucher)
Latin Pronunciation: hew-ker-ih-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: From the native Brazilian name for the plant
Latin Pronunciation: HEE-vee-uh

Meaning: Named for Johann (aka J?nos or Jan) Heuffel, 19th century Hungarian physician and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: heff-EL-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Dexter Heuschkel, collector of Hoyas
Latin Pronunciation: hoosh-kel-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Possibly named for Ludwig von Hohenb?hel Heufler, 19th century Australian botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hyoo-FLER-ee-an-na

Meaning: Named for Johann (aka J?nos or Jan) Heuffel, 19th century Hungarian physician and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: heff-el-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Having six angles
Latin Pronunciation: hek-sa-GON-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hex (six) and the Latin centris (from the center)
Latin Pronunciation: heks-a-SEN-triss

Meaning: Six winged
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-gon-OP-ter-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hex-ag-on-us
Meaning: six-angled, six-sided.

Meaning: Having six angles
Latin Pronunciation: hek-sa-GON-um

Meaning: Six lobed
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-LOH-buh

Meaning: Six lobed
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-LOH-bum

Meaning: Having six parts
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-MER-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hex-and-rus
Meaning: six-stamened.

Meaning: Having six stamens
Latin Pronunciation: heks-AN-druh

Meaning: Six lobed
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-LOH-bus

Meaning: Six petals
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-PET-uh-luh

Meaning: Having six stamens
Latin Pronunciation: heks-AN-drum

Latin Pronunciation: hex-ap-pet-al-us
Meaning: six- petaled.

Meaning: Six-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-FIL-uh

Meaning: Six petals
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-PET-al-lum

Latin Pronunciation: hex-af-fill-us
Meaning: six-leaved.

hexaploid

Having six sets of chromosomes.

Meaning: From the Greek hex (six) and isos (equal)
Latin Pronunciation: heks-ISS-ee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:heks-EYE-see-uh

Meaning: Six-leaved
Latin Pronunciation: heks-uh-FIL-um

Latin Pronunciation: hye-anz
Meaning: open, gaping.

Meaning: Six styles
Latin Pronunciation: hex-uh-STY-lus

Meaning: Of winter
Latin Pronunciation: HI-ber-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hi-BER-nuh

Latin Pronunciation: hye-ber-nay-liss
Meaning: pertaining to winter.

Meaning: Of or from Ireland; Irish
Latin Pronunciation: hy-BER-nik-uh

hibernal

Appearing in the winter.

Meaning: Of or from Ireland; Irish
Latin Pronunciation: hy-BER-nik-um

hibernaculum

The winter resting body of some plants, generally a bud-like arrangement of potential leaves.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-bern-ik-us
Meaning: of or from Ireland.

Meaning: Of winter
Latin Pronunciation: HI-ber-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hi-BER-num

Meaning: Of winter
Latin Pronunciation: HI-ber-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hi-BER-nus

Latin Pronunciation: hye-bis-sif-foh-lee-us
Meaning: hibiscus-leaved.

Meaning: Having leaves like Hibiscus
Latin Pronunciation: hi-bis-kih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Named for Cristobal Maria Hicken, 20th century botany professor at Buenos Aires
Latin Pronunciation: hik-EN-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for John Bale Hickman, an early 20th century American guide to plant collectors; or James C. Hickman, authority on polygonum - depends on the genus
Latin Pronunciation: hick-MAN-ee-eye

Meaning: Old genus name for Hickory, now Carya
Latin Pronunciation: hik-KOR-ee-uh

Meaning: Of winter; winter-flowering; also spelled hyemale
Latin Pronunciation: hy-EH-may-lee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hee-EH-may-lee

Meaning: Resembling Hieracium (Hawkweed) genus
Latin Pronunciation: hi-er-uh-kee-OY-deez
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:heer-uh-kee-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek hieros (sacred), and chloe (grass)
Alternative Meaning:hi-er-OK-low-ee

Meaning: Of winter; winter-flowering; also spelled hyemalis
Latin Pronunciation: hy-EH-may-liss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hee-EH-may-liss

Meaning: Named for Ethel Bailey Higgins, 20th century curator at the San Diego Natural History Museum and author
Latin Pronunciation: HIG-en-say
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hig-EN-see-ay

high analysis fertilizer

A powder containing large quantities of nutrient elements.

higher taxa

Those names ranking above the species level, e.g., genus, family, order, etc.

high-centered

Having the central petals longest; the classic hybrid tea rose form.

Meaning: Named for Johann Maria Hildebrandt, 19th century German plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hil-de-BRAND-tee-a

Meaning: Named for Hilda Guerra Walker, daughter of Luciano Guerra, 20th century collector who discovered the species
Latin Pronunciation: hil-DAY-ee

Meaning: Named for Hildegarda Winter, sister of Freidrich Ritter, well-known cactus expert and collector (also spelled hildewintera)
Latin Pronunciation: hil-de-win-TER-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Johann Maria Hildebrandt, 19th century German plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hil-de-brand-tee-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Johann Maria Hildebrandt, 19th century German plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hil-de-BRANDT-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for William Hillebrand, 19th century physician and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hil-le-BRAND-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for William Hillebrand, 19th century physician and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hil-le-BRAND-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Frederick Hebard Hillman, 20th century botanist with the USDA
Latin Pronunciation: hil-MAN-ee-eye

hilum

The scar or point of attachment of the seed.

Meaning: Of or from the Himalayas (mountains in Asia)
Latin Pronunciation: him-al-LAY-ih-kuh

hillock

A small hill. See also: knoll.

Meaning: Of or from the Himalayas (mountains in Asia)
Latin Pronunciation: him-al-LAY-ih-kum

Latin Pronunciation: him-al-lay-ik-us
Meaning: of the Himalayas.

Meaning: From Himalaya (the place of origin) and kalamos (the Greek name for reed)
Latin Pronunciation: him-uh-lay-uh-KAL-uh-mus

Meaning: Of or from the Himalayas
Latin Pronunciation: him-uh-lay-EN-see
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:him-uh-lay-EN-say

Meaning: Named for Leon C. Hinckley, who collected in west Texas (U.S.) in the early 20th century
Latin Pronunciation: HINK-lee-eye

Meaning: Of or from the Himalayas
Latin Pronunciation: him-uh-LAY-an-uh

Meaning: Named for Leon C. Hinckley, who collected in west Texas (U.S.) in the early 20th century
Latin Pronunciation: hink-lee-AY-na

hip

The closed and ripened receptacle of a rose which contains the seed.

Meaning: Named for Richard Brinsley Hinds, 19th century surgeon in the British Royal Navy, and naturalist on HMS Sulpher
Latin Pronunciation: HYND-see-an-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hynd-see-AY-nuh

Meaning: Horse chestnut
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-KAS-tan-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hippos (horse) and bromos (rage, fury), referring to its poison that drives horses mad
Latin Pronunciation: hip-OH-bro-muh

Meaning: Horse chestnut
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-KAS-tan-um

hippocrepiform

Horseshoe-shaped.

Meaning: Horse chestnut
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-KAS-tan-us

Meaning: From the Greek hippomanes, an herb that drives horses mad or poisons them; or of which they are madly fond
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-MAN-ee

Meaning: From the Greek hippomanes, referring to herbs that poison horses
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-MAN-ik-us

Meaning: From the Greek hippomanes, referring to herbs that poison horses
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-MAN-ik-um

Meaning: From the Greek hippomanes, referring to herbs that poison horses
Latin Pronunciation: hip-oh-MAN-ik-uh

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning horse tail or mare's tail
Latin Pronunciation: HIP-oor-is
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hip-YOOR-is

Meaning: Variant of hyrcanicum; meaning of or from Hyrcania (Hircania), an ancient Persian region near present-day Iran
Latin Pronunciation: hyr-KAY-nih-kum

Meaning: Smelling like a goat
Latin Pronunciation: hir-SEE-nuh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hir-KEE-nuh

Meaning: Smelling like a goat
Latin Pronunciation: hir-SEE-num
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hir-KEE-num

Meaning: Smelling like a goat
Latin Pronunciation: hir-SEE-nus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hir-KEE-nus

Meaning: Having a goat like scent
Latin Pronunciation: hir-see-nah

hirsute

Pubescent with rather coarse or stiff hairs.

Meaning: Hairy flowers
Latin Pronunciation: hir-soot-ih-FLOR-a

Meaning: Named for C. Hirschfeldt, 18th century horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hersh-FEL-dee-uh

Meaning: Hairier
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOOT-ee-or

Meaning: Hairy sepals
Latin Pronunciation: her-soot-ih-SEP-uh-luh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-soot-ee-SEP-uh-luh

Meaning: Hairy sepals
Latin Pronunciation: her-soot-ih-SEP-uh-lum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-soot-ee-SEP-uh-lum

Meaning: Hairy
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOO-tuh

Meaning: Hairy sepals
Latin Pronunciation: her-soot-ih-SEP-uh-lus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-soot-ee-SEP-uh-lus

Latin Pronunciation: herss-yew-tiss-im-us
Meaning: very hairy.

Meaning: Hairiest
Latin Pronunciation: her-soot-TEE-see-muh

Meaning: Hairiest
Latin Pronunciation: her-soot-TEE-see-mum

hirsutulous

Slightly hirsute.

Meaning: Somewhat hairy
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOOT-oo-luh

Meaning: Hairier
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOOT-ee-us

Meaning: Somewhat hairy
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOOT-oo-lum

Latin Pronunciation: herss-yew-tus
Meaning: hairy (hirsute).

Meaning: Hairy
Latin Pronunciation: her-SOO-tum

Latin Pronunciation: herss-yew-tul-us
Meaning: somewhat hairy.

Meaning: Hairy
Latin Pronunciation: HER-tuh

Meaning: A little hairy
Latin Pronunciation: HER-tuh-luh

hirtellous

Minutely hirsute.

Meaning: A little hairy
Latin Pronunciation: HER-tuh-lum

Latin Pronunciation: her-tel-us
Meaning: .somewhat hairy.

Meaning: Hairy flowers
Latin Pronunciation: her-tih-FLOR-um

Meaning: Hairy stem
Latin Pronunciation: hirt-ih-KAW-lee

Meaning: Hairy stem
Latin Pronunciation: hirt-ih-KAW-liss

Meaning: Hairy flowers
Latin Pronunciation: her-tih-FLOR-uh

Latin Pronunciation: her -tif-floh- rus
Meaning: hairy- flowered.

Meaning: Hairy stalk
Latin Pronunciation: her-TYE-pee-deez

Latin Pronunciation: her-tip-eez
Meaning: hairy-stemmed.

Meaning: Hairy
Latin Pronunciation: HER-tum

Meaning: Hairiest
Latin Pronunciation: her-TEE-see-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-TIS-ee-muh

Meaning: Hairiest
Latin Pronunciation: her-TEE-see-mum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-TIS-ee-mum

Meaning: Of or from Spain
Latin Pronunciation: his-PAN-ih-kuh

Latin Pronunciation: hert-us
Meaning: hairy.

Meaning: Hairiest
Latin Pronunciation: her-TEE-see-mus
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:her-TIS-ee-mus

Latin Pronunciation: hiss-pan-ik-us
Meaning: of or from Spain.

Meaning: More bristly
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-PID-ee-or

Meaning: Of or from Spain
Latin Pronunciation: his-PAN-ih-kuh

Meaning: Most bristly
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-pid-ISS-ih-muh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hiss-pid-EE-see-muh

hispid

Beset with rigid or bristly hairs or with bristles.

Meaning: With bristly hairs
Latin Pronunciation: HISS-pih-duh

Meaning: More bristly
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-PID-ee-us

hispidulous

Minutely hispid.

Meaning: Most bristly
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-pid-ISS-ih-mum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hiss-pid-EE-see-mum

Latin Pronunciation: hiss-pid-diss-im-us
Meaning: very bristly.

Meaning: Finely bristled
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-PID-yoo-lus

Meaning: Finely bristled
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-PID-yoo-luh

Meaning: Finely bristled
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-PID-yoo-lum

Meaning: With bristly hairs
Latin Pronunciation: HISS-pih-dum

Latin Pronunciation: hiss-pid-us
Meaning: bristly (hispid).

Meaning: From the Greek histion (web) and pteris (fern), alluding to the vein pattern
Latin Pronunciation: his-tee-OP-ter-is

Meaning: Actor
Latin Pronunciation: HISS-tree-oh-neez

Meaning: Variant spelling of hystrix, from the Greek word for Porcupine
Latin Pronunciation: HiS-triks

Latin Pronunciation: hiss-tree-on-ik-us
Meaning: per

Meaning: Actor
Latin Pronunciation: HISS-tree-oh

Meaning: Named for Charles Leo Hitchcock, 20th century author
Latin Pronunciation: hitch-kok-ee-AN-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hitch-kok-ee-AY-nus

hoary

Grayish-white with a fine close pubescence.

Meaning: Named for Robert Hobdyi, 21st century plant collector in Hawaii
Latin Pronunciation: HOB-dee-eye

Meaning: Named for Ferdinand Ritter von Hochstetter, 19th century naturalist and first scientific explorer of New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: hok-stet-er-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Ferdinand Ritter von Hochstetter, 19th century naturalist and first scientific explorer of New Zealand
Latin Pronunciation: hok-STET-er-ee

Meaning: Named for Bryan Houghton Hodgson, 19th century British amateur naturalist in Nepal
Latin Pronunciation: hodg-SON-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Ralph Hoffmann, early 20th century ornithologist and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: HOF-man-ee-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hof-MAN-ee-eye

hoe

An implement with a thin flat blade and a long handle used for cultivating, weeding, or loosening the earth around plants. There are several types: draw hoe, scuffle hoe, wheel hoe.

Meaning: Named for J. Centurius, 19th century Count of Hoffmannsegg (Germany) and co-author of a flora of Portugal
Latin Pronunciation: hoff-man-SEG-gee-uh

Meaning: Resembles the genus Hohenbergia, which is named for Hohenberg, a prince of Wurtenburg (now part of Germany) and a patron of botany
Latin Pronunciation: ho-en-berg-ee-OP-sis

Meaning: Named for Hohenberg, a prince of Wurtenburg (now part of Germany) and a patron of botany
Latin Pronunciation: ho-en-BERG-ee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Holland (Netherlands)
Latin Pronunciation: hol-LAN-dee-kum

Meaning: Named for Frederick Ludvig Holboell, 19th century botanical curator of the Copenhagen botanic garden
Latin Pronunciation: hol-BEL-lee-uh

Meaning: Frederik Ludvig Holboll, early 19th century curator of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden
Latin Pronunciation: hole-BOLE-ee-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hole-boh-EL-ee-eye

Meaning: A native American name
Latin Pronunciation: HOY-tuh

Meaning: Of or from Holland (Netherlands)
Latin Pronunciation: hol-LAN-dee-kuh

hollow

1. A surface depression, channel, basin, or valley. 2. A twig lacking pith, but with the space present.

Latin Pronunciation: hol-land-ik-us
Meaning: of or from Holland.

Meaning: From the Greek holos, (whole) and karphos, (chaff) referring to the chaffy receptacle
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-KAR-fuh

Meaning: Undivided fruit
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-KAR-puh

Meaning: Undivided fruit
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-KAR-pus

Meaning: Undivided fruit
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-KAR-pum

holocoenotic

The theory that environmental factors act as a whole or aggregate in their effect upon organisms.

Meaning: Entirely (completely) white
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-LOO-kuh

Meaning: Entirely (completely) white
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-LOO-kum

Meaning: Entirely (completely) white
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-LOO-kus

Meaning: Entirely (completely) petaled
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-PET-al-lum

Meaning: Entirely silky to the touch
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-ser-ee-KEE-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ho-loh-ser-ee-SEE-uh

Meaning: Entirely silky to the touch
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-ser-ee-KEE-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:ho-loh-ser-ee-SEE-um

Meaning: Entirely (completely) petaled
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-PET-uh-luh

Meaning: Entirely (completely) petaled
Latin Pronunciation: ho-loh-PET-uh-lus

Latin Pronunciation: hol-oh-ser-riss-ee-us
Meaning: woolly, silky.

Meaning: From the Greek holosteon (entire bone), mockingly applied to a weak, chickweed-like plant
Latin Pronunciation: hol-OS-tee-uh

Meaning: Named for Peter Holton, 17th century Dutch physician, botanist and professor
Latin Pronunciation: hol-TOH-nee-uh

Meaning: Resembles Holostea (genus name meaning entire bone, mockingly applied to a weak, chickweed-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: hol-os-tee-OY-deez

Meaning: Naned for Holub, possibly Josef, 20th century Czech botanist, or Emil, 19th century European naturalist and explorer in Africa
Latin Pronunciation: hol-LOO-bee-eye

Meaning: Named for Carl Hugo Wilhelm Holst, 19th German botany collector on East-Africa
Latin Pronunciation: hols-tee-eye

holotype

One pressed herbarium specimen designated by the author as the plant on which the description and name are based. See also: isotype, lectotype, syntype, topotype, nomenclatural type, neotype.

Meaning: Named for John Michael Holzinger, 19th century German-born American bryologist
Latin Pronunciation: holz-ING-er-ee

Meaning: From the Greek homalos (flat) and petalum (petal)
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mal-oh-PET-al-um

Meaning: Name commemorates the Greek poet, Homer
Latin Pronunciation: ho-MER-ee-uh

homeopathic

Herbal medicines using the system of homeopathy founded in the 1700s. The theory is that 'like cures like' so minute doses can cure; for example, acid will cure an ulcer.

Meaning: With similar scales
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mo-LEEP-is

homochlamydeous

Refers to a flower in which sepals and petals are so similar that all are called tepals.

Meaning: With similar scales
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mo-LEEP-ee-deez

homogamous

Able to bear just one kind of flower.

homologous

Refers to organs or parts that are similar in form or function.

homomorphic

Shaped the same.

homology (pl. homologies)

The study of structural similarities that indicate actual physical relationships in which species with the same ancestors retain many of the same traits. See also: convergence.

Meaning: Same leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mo-FIL-uh

homomallous

Turned in the same direction.

homonym

A scientific name given two or more times to plants of the same taxonomic rank but which are quite distinct from each other. See also: basionym, synonym, tautonym, autonym.

Meaning: Same leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mo-FIL-um

Meaning: Same leaf
Latin Pronunciation: ho-mo-FIL-us

Meaning: From the Greek homos (same) and anthos (flower), the reason for the name is obscure
Latin Pronunciation: hom-or-AN-thus

homosporous

Having spores of a single appearance and behavior.

homostyly (adj. homostylous, adj. homostyled)

A species in which the flowers have stigmas and anthers held at the same level relative to each other on all plants. See also: heterostylous.

homostyly (adj. homostylous, adj. homostyled)

A species in which the flowers have stigmas and anthers held at the same level relative to each other on all plants. See also: heterostylous.

Meaning: Of or from Mt. Hondo, Japan
Latin Pronunciation: hon-doh-EN-see

Meaning: Of or from Mt. Hondo, Japan
Latin Pronunciation: hon-doh-EN-sis

honeydew drip

The sticky mess on your car after parking under trees which have aphids or other sucking insects infesting the tree. Certain ants and fungi also feed on the honeydew.

hooded

1. Cucullate. 2. More loosely, inarching parts which enclose others in the resulting opening.

Meaning: Named for Mr. Hood, a 19th century English succulent grower
Latin Pronunciation: HOOD-ee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Honghe (Red River), near the species habitat in southeastern Yunnan
Latin Pronunciation: hong-ee-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Sir William Jackson Hooker, 19th century botany professor & director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew; or his son Joseph Dalton Hooker, 19th century British botanist & plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hook-er-ee-AN-uh

Meaning: Named for Sir William Jackson Hooker, 19th century professor of botany and director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, or his son Joseph Dalton Hooker, 19th century British botanist and plant coll
Latin Pronunciation: HOOK-er-ee

Meaning: Named for Sir William Jackson Hooker, 19th century botany professor & director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew; or his son Joseph Dalton Hooker, 19th century British botanist & plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hook-er-ee-AN-us

Meaning: Named for Sir William Jackson Hooker, 19th century botany professor & director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew; or his son Joseph Dalton Hooker, 19th century British botanist & plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: hook-er-ee-AN-um

Meaning: Named for Sir William Jackson Hooker, 19th century professor of botany and director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, or his son Joseph Dalton Hooker, 19th century British botanist and plant coll
Latin Pronunciation: HOOK-er-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Josiah Hoopes, 19th century American botanist and seedsman
Latin Pronunciation: HOOPS-ee-eye
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hoop-EES-ee-eye

Latin Pronunciation: hor-iz-on-tay-liss
Meaning: horizontal.

Meaning: Named for Henry Hopwood, 19th century settler of Australia
Latin Pronunciation: hop-WOOD-ee-eye

Meaning: Ancient Latin name for barley
Latin Pronunciation: HOR-dee-um

hormone

A biochemical product of a specific cell or tissue that causes a change or activity in a cell or tissue located elsewhere in an organism.

horn

Any appendage shaped like an animal horn; cornute.

Meaning: Named for Klas Fredrik Hornstedt, 18th century Swedish botanist and pupil of Carl Peter Thunberg
Latin Pronunciation: horn-STEDT-ee-uh

horny

With a texture which is hard and brittle, but having a fine texture and is easy to cut.

Meaning: Prickly, bristly
Latin Pronunciation: HOR-id-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hor-ID-uh

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spathe
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPAY-thus

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spathe
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPAY-thum

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spines
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPIN-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hor-rid-ih-SPY-nuh

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spines
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPIN-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hor-rid-ih-SPY-nus

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spathe
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPAY-tha

Meaning: Prickly or bristly spines
Latin Pronunciation: hor-rid-ih-SPIN-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hor-rid-ih-SPY-num

Latin Pronunciation: horr-id-us
Meaning: horrid (as with spines).

Meaning: Somewhat spiny
Latin Pronunciation: hor-id-YOO-luh

Meaning: Somewhat spiny
Latin Pronunciation: hor-id-YOO-lum

Meaning: Prickly, bristly
Latin Pronunciation: HOR-id-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hor-ID-um

Meaning: Named for F.H. Horsford, a New England botanist and collector
Latin Pronunciation: hors-FORD-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Leopoldo Horst, 21st century Brazilian plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: horst-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Somewhat spiny
Latin Pronunciation: hor-id-YOO-lus

hort.

A term used in a botanical name to indicate that it is not a properly accepted binomial, but is a name used by gardeners and nurseries, perhaps published, but in nursery catalogs rather than scientific journals. It can stand for three terms: hort., meaning "of the garden;" hortorum, meaning "of gardens;" or hortulanorum, meaning "of gardeners." All three are abbreviated hort., and are never capitalized so as to avoid being mistaken for an author's name.

Meaning: Named for Leopoldo Horst, 21st century Brazilian plant collector
Latin Pronunciation: HORST-ee-eye

Meaning: Of gardens; cultivated
Latin Pronunciation: hor-TEN-see-uh

Meaning: Of gardens; cultivated
Latin Pronunciation: hor-TEN-see

Latin Pronunciation: hor-ten-siss
Meaning: belonging to the garden.

Latin Pronunciation: hor-toh-rum
Meaning: belonging to gardens.

horticulture

The cultivation of plants.

Latin Pronunciation: hor-ten-see-us
Meaning: of gardeners.

Meaning: Of gardens
Latin Pronunciation: hor-tew-LAY-nuh

Latin Pronunciation: hor-tew-lay-nus
Meaning: of gardens.

hortus conclusus

An enclosed garden, as that of a monastery. in art, a representation of the Virgin and Child in a fenced garden; from the latin, "enclosed garden". See also: hortus deliciarum.

Meaning: Of gardens
Latin Pronunciation: hor-tew-LAY-num

hortus fenestralis

A window garden; a window box in the form of a miniature greenhouse; from the latin, "window garden".

hortus siccus

A collection of dried and pressed plants, often arranged in book form; an herbarium; from the latin, "dired garden".

Meaning: Named for Frank Horwood, 20th century British plant collector in South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: hor-WOOD-ee-eye

Meaning: Hospitable, friendly
Latin Pronunciation: HOS-pih-ta

hose-in-hose

With one perfect corolla inside another.

Meaning: Hospitable, friendly
Latin Pronunciation: HOS-pih-tum

host

The plant on which a parasite grows.

hortus deliciarum

A walled garden, like the hortus conclusus, but geared more toward the pleasure of its ownsers and more secular in its motifs; from the latin, "pleasure garden".

Meaning: Hospitable, friendly
Latin Pronunciation: HOS-pih-tus

Meaning: Named for Nicolaus Thomas Host, 19th century Austrian botanist and physician to the Austrian emperor
Latin Pronunciation: HOSS-tuh

Meaning: Of or from the Massif de la Hotte region in Haiti
Latin Pronunciation: ho-TEN-sis

Meaning: Of or from the Hottentot Holland Mountains in South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: hot-en-TOT-ee-kuh

hotbed

An outdoor pit enclosed with a glass roof and heated by fermenting material, hot water pipes, or electric cables.

Meaning: Named for Petrus Hotton, 17th century Dutch Professor of botany
Latin Pronunciation: hot-TON-ee-a

Meaning: Of or from the Hottentot Holland Mountains in South Africa
Latin Pronunciation: hot-en-TOT-ee-kus

Meaning: Named for Douglass Houghton, 19th century American geologist and physician who explored the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan
Latin Pronunciation: ho-ton-ee-AY-na

hot caps

Paper or plastic tent covers used to protect small plants from damaging weather conditions.

Meaning: Named for Douglass Houghton, 19th century American geologist and physician who explored the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan
Latin Pronunciation: ho-TON-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Houllet, 19th century French collector and horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-LET-ee-a

Meaning: Named for Houllet, 19th century French collector and horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-LET-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Houllet, 19th century French collector and horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-let-ee-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Houllet, 19th century French collector and horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-let-ee-AH-nus

Meaning: Named for Houllet, 19th century French collector and horticulturist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-let-ee-AH-num

houseplant

A plant which can be grown indoors, usually for decorative reasons.

Meaning: Named for Dr. William Houston, 18th century Scottish-born surgeon and botanist who collected plants in Central America and the West Indies
Latin Pronunciation: hoos-TOH-nee-uh

Meaning: Named for Dr. William Houston, 18th century Scottish-born surgeon and botanist who collected plants in Central America and the West Indies
Latin Pronunciation: hoos-toh-nee-AH-num

Meaning: Named for Dr. William Houston, 18th century Scottish-born surgeon and botanist who collected plants in Central America and the West Indies
Latin Pronunciation: hoos-toh-nee-AH-nuh

Meaning: Named for Anton Pantaleon Hove, 18th century Polish botanist and plant collector for Kew botanic garden
Latin Pronunciation: HO-vee-uh

Meaning: Named for Dr. William Houston, 18th century Scottish-born surgeon and botanist who collected plants in Central America and the West Indies
Latin Pronunciation: hoos-TOH-nee-um

Meaning: Named for Martin Houttuyn, 18th century Dutch naturalist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-TY-nee-uh

Meaning: Named for David Hoven, Dutch missionary
Latin Pronunciation: ho-VEN-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Thad M. Howard, American authority on warm-climate bulbs
Latin Pronunciation: how-ARD-ee-eye

Meaning: Named after the Lord Howe Island
Latin Pronunciation: HOW-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Thomas Howell, 19th century pioneer plant collector in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: HOW-el-ee-eye

Meaning: Named for Dr. Godfrey Howitt, 19th century Melbourne physician
Latin Pronunciation: how-WIT-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Thomas Hoy, early 19th century botanist and head gardener for the Duke of Horthumberland at Syon House
Latin Pronunciation: HOY-uh

ht.

Abbreviation for plant height.

Meaning: Referring to the Huasteca region of Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: was-tek-AH-na

Meaning: Named for Alfred William Howitt, 19th century Australian explorer, botanist and naturalist
Latin Pronunciation: how-wit-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Referring to the Huasteca region of Mexico
Latin Pronunciation: was-tek-AH-num

Meaning: Of or from Hubei (or Hupeh or Hupei) province, China; name means "north of lakes"
Latin Pronunciation: hew-bay-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for William Hudson, 18th century English botanist, author and apothecary, and Praefectus of the Chelsea Physic Garden
Latin Pronunciation: hud-SOH-nee-uh

Meaning: Named for Leslie Hubricht, naturalist who discovered the plant in 1942 in Arkansas (U.S.)
Latin Pronunciation: hew-BRIK-tee-eye

Meaning: Of or from the Hudson Bay, Canada, which was named for 16th century English explorer Henry Hudson
Latin Pronunciation: hud-son-ee-AY-na

Meaning: Of or from the Hudson Bay, Canada, which was named for 16th century English explorer Henry Hudson
Latin Pronunciation: hud-son-ee-AY-num

Meaning: Named after Baron Karl von Huegel, 19th century Austrian naturalist
Latin Pronunciation: hew-GEL-ee-eye

Meaning: Of or from the Hudson Bay, Canada, which was named for 16th century English explorer Henry Hudson
Latin Pronunciation: hud-son-ee-AY-nus

Meaning: Named for Justus Heurnius, 17th century Dutch missionary and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hew-ERN-ee-uh

Meaning: Resembles Huernia (genus named for Justus Heurnius, 17th century Dutch missionary and botanist)
Latin Pronunciation: hew-ern-ee-OP-sis

Meaning: Named for John Aloysius Scallon, (aka Father Hugo/Hugh Scallon), 20th century Irish missionary in western China
Latin Pronunciation: hew-GO-niss

Meaning: Named for Gilbert W. Hulse, 19th century U.S. Army surgeon and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: HULS-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for the Aztec god of the sun and war
Latin Pronunciation: wee-tsee-loh-POCH-tlee

Meaning: Named by Gray, most likely for Gilbert W. Hulse, 19th century U.S. Army surgeon and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: huls-ee-AY-nuh

Meaning: Named by Gray, most likely for Gilbert W. Hulse, 19th century U.S. Army surgeon and botanist
Latin Pronunciation: huls-ee-AY-num

Meaning: Of the earth; referring to creeping rhizomes
Latin Pronunciation: hew-MAY-tuh

Meaning: Named for Henri Humbert, 20th century French Professor at the University of Algiers, botanist and plant collector in Madagascar
Latin Pronunciation: hum-BER-tee-eye

humectant

A substance which promotes retention of moisture; a moistening agent such as crystals of polymer hydrogel, which take up water, releasing it slowly for the roots of thirsty plants.

Meaning: Named for Baron Alexander von Humboldt, 19th centuryGerman geographer who explored Central and South America
Latin Pronunciation: hum-BOLD-tee-eye

Meaning: Named for Lady Amelia Hume, wife of Sir Abraham Hume of Wormleybury, Hertfordshire, and 19th century pupil of J. E. Smith
Latin Pronunciation: HEW-mee-uh

humus (adj. humic)

Partly or wholly decomposed vegetable matter.

humate

A salt or ester of a humic acid.

Meaning: Prostrate; sprawling
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mih-FEW-sum
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hum-ih-FEW-sum

humidistat

An instrument for measuring, sometimes controlling, the amount of water vapor in the air.

humidity (adj. humid)

The moisture in air.

humidor

A tightly closed container which holds a constant level of moisture in the interior, such as for long-term preservation of seeds or storage of fruits and vegetables.

Meaning: Prostrate; sprawling
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mih-FEW-suh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hum-ih-FEW-suh

humidistat

An instrument for measuring, sometimes controlling, the amount of water vapor in the air.

Latin Pronunciation: hew-mif-few-sus
Meaning: sprawling on the ground.

Meaning: Low foliage
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mil-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Low foliage
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mil-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Lowest
Latin Pronunciation: hew-MIL-ee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hum-IL-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hew-mil-iss
Meaning: low-growing, dwarf.

Meaning: Lowest
Latin Pronunciation: HEW-mil-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:HUM-il-ee

Meaning: Lowest
Latin Pronunciation: hew-MIL-ee-um
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hum-IL-um

Meaning: Lowest
Latin Pronunciation: hew-MIL-ee-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hum-IL-us

Meaning: From the Latin humus (ground) and stratus, from root word of sternere (to spread out), referring to its low, sprawling habit
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mi-STRAY-tuh

Meaning: From the Latin humus (ground) and stratus, from root word of sternere (to spread out), referring to its low, sprawling habit
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mi-STRAY-tus

Meaning: From the Latin humus (ground) and stratus, from root word of sternere (to spread out), referring to its low, sprawling habit
Latin Pronunciation: hew-mi-STRAY-tum

hummock

A mound rising above the surrounding land, usually overgrown with vegetation.

Meaning: From humus (ground); referring to the trailing nature of the plants
Latin Pronunciation: HUM-uh-lus

Meaning: Variant spelling (possibly the result of a typographical error) of humilis, meaning dwarf
Latin Pronunciation: HEW-muh-lis
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:HUM-uh-lis

Meaning: Of or from Hungary
Latin Pronunciation: hun-GAR-ee-kus

humus (adj. humic)

Partly or wholly decomposed vegetable matter.

Meaning: Named for Rev. J.T. Huntley, a 19th century English clergyman and orchid enthusiast
Latin Pronunciation: HUNT-lee-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hunt-LEE-uh

Meaning: Named for John Hunnemann, English botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hun-ne-MAN-nee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Hupeh (or Hubei or Hupei) province, China. Hupeh means "north of lakes"
Latin Pronunciation: hew-pay-EN-see

Latin Pronunciation: hoo-pay-en-siss
Meaning: from

Meaning: Named for Armando T. Hunziker, 20th century Argentinian plant collector and specialist in Solanaceae
Latin Pronunciation: hunz-ih-KER-ee-uh

Meaning: Named for Johann Peter Huperz, early 19th century German botanist and fern specialist
Latin Pronunciation: hoo-PERZ-ee-uh

husk

The outer layer of certain fruits like walnutsJuglans, as an outgrowth of the perianth or involucre.

Meaning: Of or from the Hupeh province, China. More commonly spelled "hupehensis"
Latin Pronunciation: hew-pay-EN-sis

Meaning: Named for Miss Ellen Hutchins, 19th century Irish botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hutch-IN-see-a

Meaning: Latinized form of South American vernacular for the Sand-box tree
Latin Pronunciation: HOO-ruh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:HUR-uh

Meaning: Named for Miss Ellen Hutchins, 19th century Irish botanist
Latin Pronunciation: hutch-INS-ee-ay

Meaning: Having foliage like Hutchinsia (genus named for Miss Ellen Hutchins, 19th century Irish botanist)
Latin Pronunciation: hutch-ins-ih-FOH-lee-a

Meaning: Hyacinth-like
Latin Pronunciation: hy-uh-SIN-thin-um

Meaning: Diminutive form of Hyacinthus, the name used by Homer for the genus
Latin Pronunciation: hy-uh-sin-THEL-uh

Meaning: Hyacinth-like
Latin Pronunciation: hy-uh-SIN-thin-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hye- ass-sinth-in- us
Meaning: sapphire-colored.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-ass-inth-oy-deez
Meaning: Hyacinth-like.

Meaning: From the Greek hualinos (of glass; transparent or wax-like) and ?kantha (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-al-uh-KAN-thus

Meaning: From the Greek hualinos (of glass; transparent or wax-like) and ?kantha (thorn)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-al-uh-KAN-tha

Meaning: From the Greek hualinos (of glass); referring to the plant's transparency or near-transparency
Latin Pronunciation: hy-YAH-lin-uh

hyaline

Transparent or translucent.

hyalescent

Translucent.

Meaning: From the Greek hualinos (of glass); referring to the plant's transparency or near-transparency
Latin Pronunciation: hy-YAH-lin-um

Meaning: From the ancient Greek name used by Homer
Latin Pronunciation: hy-uh-SIN-thus

Meaning: Latinized form of hybrid, a cross between two plants resulting in a plant that differs in one or more genes from the parent plants
Latin Pronunciation: hy-BRID-uh

Meaning: A cross between two plants resulting in a plant that differs in one or more genes from the parent plants; sometimes Latinized to hybridus, -a, or -um
Latin Pronunciation: HY-brid

hybridize (n. hybridization)

Crossbreeding two species to create a plant with some characterisitics of each parent.

Meaning: Pertaining to winter
Latin Pronunciation: HY-bern-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hybos (hump-backed) and anthos (flower), referring to the spurred lower petal
Latin Pronunciation: hy-BAN-thus

Latin Pronunciation: hye-al-in-us
Meaning: translucent, transparent.

Meaning: Pertaining to winter
Latin Pronunciation: HY-bern-um

hybridize (n. hybridization)

Crossbreeding two species to create a plant with some characterisitics of each parent.

Meaning: A hybrid (cross between two plants resulting in a plant that differs in one or more genes from the parent plants); also written asx hybridum
Latin Pronunciation: hy-BRID-um

Latin Pronunciation: hib-rid-us
Meaning: mixed, hybrid.

hydathode

An epidermal structure specialized for the secretion or exudation of water.

Meaning: Resembles Hydrangea
Latin Pronunciation: hy-drain-jee-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek hydro (water) and aggos jar); referring to the cup-shaped fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hy-DRAIN-juh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-DRAN-jee-uh

hydration

The reaction of cement with water to form a chemical compound.

Meaning: The Hydrangea family (the Greek name means water-jar in reference to the cup-shaped fruit)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-drain-jee-AY-see-ay

hydraulic seeding

A method of planting grass seed by spraying it in a stream of water, which may contain other materials such as mulch or plant food.

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning water column
Latin Pronunciation: hy-dree-uh-STEL-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-dree-uh-STEE-lee

Meaning: The leaf resembles Hydrophyllum (water leaf); hence the name
Latin Pronunciation: hy-DRASS-tiss

hydric

Of, or adapted to, an extremely moist habitat.

Meaning: Diminutive of Hydra (water serpent)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-DRILL-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hydros (water) and charis (grace)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-droh-KAIR-iss

Meaning: From the Greek hydro (water) and keras (horn); genus name for an obscure member of the Balsaminaceae family
Latin Pronunciation: hy-DROH-ker-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-DROH-ser-uh

Meaning: Variant spelling of hydrocotylifolia (referring to foliage like Hydrocotyle or Water Pennywort)
Latin Pronunciation: hi-droh-kot-ih-lee-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Resembles Hydrophyllum, genus name from the Greek hydro (water) and phyllon (leaf)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-dro-phil-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek hydor (water) and eleia (olive), referring to its water habitat and the leaves resemblance to olive
Latin Pronunciation: hy-DRO-lee-uh

Meaning: Having foliage like Hydrocotyle (Water Pennywort); also spelled hydrocotylefolia
Latin Pronunciation: hi-droh-kot-ih-lee-FOH-lee-uh

hydromulch

The process of mixing grass seed with water and mulch for spraying onto bare soil directly.

hydroponics

Raising plants in a totally soilless environment. Plants are grown directly in water with nutrients added as necessary, usually in a greenhouse or under artificial lights.

hydrophyte (adj. hydrophytic)

A plant adapted to growing in water, waterlogged soil or on a substrate that becomes inundated on a regular basis.

Meaning: Alternate spelling of hiemale, from the Latin hiems, meaning winter, winter-flowering
Latin Pronunciation: hy-EH-may-lee

hydrotropism

The growth of an organism or a part, such as a root, in response to the presence of water.

Meaning: From the Greek hugros (wet, moisture) and philo (love), referring to the plant's affinity for moist soil
Latin Pronunciation: hy-GRO-fill-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hye-em-may-liss
Meaning: pertaining to winter.

Meaning: Resembles Hygrophila (genus name meaning moisture-loving)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-gro-fil-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek hyle (forest, woods) and philo (lover)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-lo-FY-luh

hylea

The primeval forest.

hygroscopic

1. Altering form or position through changes of moisture. 2. Readily absorbing water and thereby altered in form or direction. Hygrometric is sometimes used with a similar meaning. 3. Pertaining to water that is electrostatically bound to the surface of dirt particles and is therefore unavailable to plants.

Meaning: From the Greek hyle (wood) and mekon (poppy)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-LOH-mee-kon

Meaning: Hylophila (woods-loving) and adelphus (brother), referring to the plants' close relationship
Latin Pronunciation: hy-lo-fy-luh-DEL-fus

Meaning: From the Greek hyle (forest, woods) and philo (lover)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-lo-FY-lum

Meaning: From the Greek hyle (forest, woods) and philo (lover)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-lo-FY-lus

Meaning: From the Greek hyle (a wood) and telephium (succulent), referring to the plant's preference for shade
Latin Pronunciation: hy-loh-te-LEE-fee-um

Latin Pronunciation: hye - men - nanth - us
Meaning: membranous-flowered.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-men-noy-deez
Meaning: mem brane-like.

Meaning: From the Greek hymen (membrane) and lepis (scale)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-oh-LEP-is

Meaning: From the Greek humen, (membrane) and oxus, (sharp), referring to the pointed tips of the pappus scales
Latin Pronunciation: hy-MEN-on-iks

Meaning: From the Greek humen (membrane) and pappus (down, fluff),
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-oh-PAP-pus

Meaning: From the Greek hymen (membrane) and phyllon (leaf) referring to the membranous fronds
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-oh-FIL-um

Meaning: From the Greek hymen (membrane) and spora (seed); referring to the winged seed
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-oh-SPOR-um

Meaning: From the Greek hymen (membrane) and stemma, (garland, crown)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-OH-stem-uh
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-men-oh-STEM-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hye-men-oh-see-pal us
Meaning: membrane-sepaled.

Meaning: From the greek hymen (membrane) and oxys (sour), referring to the bitter taste of many species
Latin Pronunciation: hy-men-OKS-iss

Meaning: Resembles Hyoseris (swine or pig succory)
Latin Pronunciation: hee-oh-ser-OY-deez
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-oh-ser-OY-deez

Meaning: From the Greek hyos (pig) and seris (genus name for a lettuce-like plant)
Latin Pronunciation: hee-oh-SER-iss
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-oh-SER-iss

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning pig spathe
Latin Pronunciation: hy-oh-SPAY-thee

hypanthium

A cup-like base of a flower to which the stamens, sepals and petals are attached.

Meaning: From the Greek hypos (under) and arctic
Latin Pronunciation: hyp-ARK-tee-ka

Meaning: From the Greek hypos (under) and arctic
Latin Pronunciation: hyp-ARK-tee-kum

Meaning: Having leaves like Hypericum
Latin Pronunciation: hy-PER-ee-see-FOH-lee-um

Latin Pronunciation: hye-per-boh-ree-us
Meaning: far- northern.

Meaning: Having leaves like Hypericum
Latin Pronunciation: hy-PER-ee-see-FOH-lee-us

hypha (pl. hyphae)

The microscopic, multicellular, nonphotosynthetic filaments of fungi and seaweeds.

Meaning: Resembling Hypericum
Latin Pronunciation: hy-per-ih-KOY-deez

Meaning: Having leaves like Hypericum
Latin Pronunciation: hy-PER-ee-see-FOH-lee-uh

hypha (pl. hyphae)

The microscopic, multicellular, nonphotosynthetic filaments of fungi and seaweeds.

Meaning: From the Greek, meaning woven; referring to the fibers on the fruit
Latin Pronunciation: hy-FEN-ay-ee
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:HY-fen-ay

hypertensive

Refers to an herbal medicine that can elevate blood pressure.

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and kalymma (veil); referring to the veil-like arrangement of the calyx
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-kal-LY-muh

Meaning: resembling the moss, Hypnum
Latin Pronunciation: hip-NO-deez

hypochil

The (often fleshy or otherwise modified) basal portion of the labellum or lip in Orchidaceae.

Meaning: Ancient name used by Theophrastus for this or another genus; also frequently spelled Hypochoeris
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-KAIR-iss

hypocotyl

The part of the stem of an embryo or young seedling below the cotyledons.

hypocrateriform

Salverform; a tubal flower flaring out into a flat top.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-poh-kray-ter if-form-iss
Meaning: salver-shaped (flower).

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and kyrtos (bulging), referring to the swollen underside of the corolla
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-SIR-tuh

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (below) and chondos (cartilege), alluding to problems of the spleen; botanically, the epithet refers to the somber colors of the inflorescence
Latin Pronunciation: hy-po-kon-dree-AH-kus

hypodermis

A layer of cells immediately internal to the epidermis.

Meaning: Under earth
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-JEE-um

Meaning: From hypo (under) and estia (house); referring to calyx being covered by the bracts
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-ES-teez

hypogeal

Of or relating to the emergence of cotyledons below the surface of the ground. See also: epigeal.

Meaning: Under earth
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-JEE-uh

Latin Pronunciation: hye-poh-glaw-kus
Meaning: grayish or "bloomy" beneath.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-poh-jee-us
Meaning: under ground (of growth).

Meaning: From the Greek Hippos (horse) and glossus (tongue)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-GLOSS-um

hypogynous

Situated on the receptacle beneath the ovary and free from it and from the calyx; having the petals and stamens so situated.

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and lasios (wool)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-LAS-ee-um

hypoglycemic

1. Refers to herbal medicines that can lower blood sugar. 2. A patient with low blood sugar.

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and lasios (wool)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-LAS-ee-uh

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and lasios (wool)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-LAS-ee-us

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and leucos (white, pale)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-LOO-kuh

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and leucos (white, pale)
Latin Pronunciation: hy-poh-LOO-kum

hyponasty (adj. hyponastic)

In plant physiology, the state in which more vigorous growth occurs in the lower surface of an organ, such as a young fern frond, causing an upward curvature. See also: epinasty.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-poh-/ew-kus
Meaning: whitish,pale.

hypolimnion

The lowest layers of a body of water, below the thermocline, where water does not circulate freely.

Latin Pronunciation: hye-poh-fill-us
Meaning: referring to underside of leaf.

hypophysis

A swelling of the seta immediately under the capsule.

Meaning: from the Greek, hypo, meaning under and pithys, meaning pine
Latin Pronunciation: hi-POH-pith-eez

hypotensive

Refers to herbal medicines that can reduce blood pressure.

Meaning: From the Greek hypo (under) and pitys (pine or fir tree), referring to the plant's natural habitat
Latin Pronunciation: hi-po-PY-tees

Meaning: From the Greek hypo, (beneath) and oxys, (sharp); referring to the base of the capsule
Latin Pronunciation: hy-POK-sis

Meaning: From the Greek hypselos, meaning high or lofty
Latin Pronunciation: HYPE-see-luh

Meaning: Of or from Hyrcania (Hircania), an ancient Persian region near present-day Iran; also spelled hircanicum
Latin Pronunciation: hyr-KAY-nih-kum

Meaning: From the Greek huptios, turned back, referring to the lower lip position of the flower
Latin Pronunciation: HYPE-tis
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:HY-tis

Meaning: Of or from Hyrcania (Hircania), an ancient Persian region near present-day Iran
Latin Pronunciation: hyr-KAY-nih-kuh

Meaning: Having leaves like Hyssop
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-sop-ih-FOH-lee-uh

Meaning: Of or from Hyrcania (Hircania), an ancient Persian region near present-day Iran
Latin Pronunciation: hyr-KAY-nih-kus

Meaning: Having leaves like Hyssop
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-sop-ih-FOH-lee-us

Meaning: Having leaves like Hyssop
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-sop-ih-FOH-lee-um

Meaning: Ancient Greek name used by Dioscorides for this herb
Latin Pronunciation: hiss-OP-us
Alternative Self-Pronouncing:hy-SOP-us

Meaning: Bearing a womb (uterus)
Latin Pronunciation: his-ter-oh-FOR-us

hysteranthous

Refers to plants that have flowers develop before the leaves.

Latin Pronunciation: hiss-trix
Meaning: bristly.

Meaning: Bearing a womb (uterus)
Latin Pronunciation: his-ter-oh-FOR-us